1 型和 2 型免疫细胞的功能失调:从枯竭样 ILC2 及其活化诱导的细胞死亡中汲取教训。

IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY
Takashi Ebihara, Toshiki Yamada, Akane Fuchimukai, Shunsuke Takasuga, Tentaro Endo, Takechiyo Yamada, Megumi Tatematsu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

免疫细胞衰竭/功能障碍的概念主要是为了理解受损的第一类免疫反应,尤其是 CD8 T 细胞对肿瘤或病毒感染细胞的反应,这一概念也被应用于其他淋巴细胞。自然杀伤(NK)细胞和 CD4 T 细胞支持 CD8 T 细胞的有效激活,但在肿瘤微环境和慢性病毒感染中表现出功能失调的表型。相比之下,第 2 类免疫细胞衰竭/功能失调的概念尚未确立。第 2 组先天性淋巴细胞(ILC2s)和 T 辅助细胞 2(Th2)是启动和扩大 2 型免疫反应的主要淋巴细胞亚群,可用于抗寄生虫免疫或过敏。在慢性寄生蠕虫感染的小鼠模型中,Th2 细胞显示出受损的 2 型免疫反应。慢性气道过敏会诱导类似衰竭的 ILC2,这些 ILC2 会迅速陷入活化诱导的细胞死亡,以抑制夸张的炎症反应。因此,衰竭/功能障碍的模式多种多样,取决于炎症类型和细胞。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前在 1 型和 2 型免疫反应背景下有关淋巴细胞衰竭/功能障碍的知识,并讨论了慢性过敏过程中 ILC2 的特异性调节机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dysfunction of type 1 and type 2 immune cells: a lesson from exhausted-like ILC2s and their activation-induced cell death.

The concept of immune cell exhaustion/dysfunction has developed mainly to understand impaired type 1 immune responses, especially by CD8 T-cells against tumors or virus-infected cells, and has been applied to other lymphocytes. Natural killer (NK) cells and CD4 T cells support the efficient activation of CD8 T cells but exhibit dysfunctional phenotypes in tumor microenvironments and in chronic viral infections. In contrast, the concept of type 2 immune cell exhaustion/dysfunction is poorly established. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and T-helper 2 (Th2) cells are the major lymphocyte subsets that initiate and expand type 2 immune responses for antiparasitic immunity or allergy. In mouse models of chronic parasitic worm infections, Th2 cells display impaired type 2 immune responses. Chronic airway allergy induces exhausted-like ILC2s that quickly fall into activation-induced cell death to suppress exaggerated inflammation. Thus, the modes of exhaustion/dysfunction are quite diverse and rely on the types of inflammation and the cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of lymphocyte exhaustion/dysfunction in the context of type 1 and type 2 immune responses and discuss ILC2-specific regulatory mechanisms during chronic allergy.

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来源期刊
International immunology
International immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
2.30%
发文量
51
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: International Immunology is an online only (from Jan 2018) journal that publishes basic research and clinical studies from all areas of immunology and includes research conducted in laboratories throughout the world.
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