Entrepreneurial hustle: Scale development and validation

Entrepreneurial hustle refers to the urgent and unorthodox actions entrepreneurs use to address obstacles and opportunities under uncertainty. Research examining this construct has been limited by the lack of a valid and reliable measure to capture these actions. Within this paper, we advance the conceptualization of the construct and develop a measure to capture the behavioral tendency to engage in entrepreneurial hustle. We test the nomological validity of entrepreneurial hustle, including key antecedents and an outcome derived from entrepreneurial action theory. Finally, we propose a future research agenda that uses the new measure developed herein.