从孤子角度看脑电病理尖峰

Signals Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI:10.3390/signals5020015
Arturo Tozzi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

耗散力和非线性力之间的微妙平衡,使得被称为孤子的行波能够在长距离内保持其形状和能量,而不会变陡或变平。孤子非常普遍,既能在海洋表面产生破坏性波浪,也能在硅光导纤维中进行无噪声信息传播。从太阳风到玻色-爱因斯坦冷凝物,在无数不同粗粒度尺度的物理系统中,都能自然观测到或人为产生孤子。我们假设,头皮脑电图(EEG)可检测到的一些电振荡可以用孤子来评估。神经尖峰必须满足严格的数学和物理要求才能被称为孤子。这些要求包括适当的物理参数,如波高、水平距离和不变的形状;适当的非线性波方程解以及正弦波和非正弦波之间的正确叠加。在与文献中的脑电图轨迹进行全面分析比较后,我们认为孤子与癫痫和脑病等医学病症记录到的电活动有惊人的相似之处。从正常电活动的嘈杂背景中,我们可以观察到形态和持续时间相对一致的高振幅、低频脑电图孤子样病理波,其特点是在大脑半球表面以重复、刻板的模式传播相对较远的距离。除了对研究健康大脑中的认知活动有影响外,从理论上讲,用孤子来治疗病态脑振荡具有强大的操作意义,为抵消其有害影响提供了新的治疗方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Approaching Electroencephalographic Pathological Spikes in Terms of Solitons
A delicate balance between dissipative and nonlinear forces allows traveling waves termed solitons to preserve their shape and energy for long distances without steepening and flattening out. Solitons are so widespread that they can generate both destructive waves on oceans’ surfaces and noise-free message propagation in silica optic fibers. They are naturally observed or artificially produced in countless physical systems at very different coarse-grained scales, from solar winds to Bose–Einstein condensates. We hypothesize that some of the electric oscillations detectable by scalp electroencephalography (EEG) could be assessed in terms of solitons. A nervous spike must fulfill strict mathematical and physical requirements to be termed a soliton. They include the proper physical parameters like wave height, horizontal distance and unchanging shape; the appropriate nonlinear wave equations’ solutions and the correct superposition between sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal waves. After a thorough analytical comparison with the EEG traces available in the literature, we argue that solitons bear striking similarities with the electric activity recorded from medical conditions like epilepsies and encephalopathies. Emerging from the noisy background of the normal electric activity, high-amplitude, low-frequency EEG soliton-like pathological waves with relatively uniform morphology and duration can be observed, characterized by repeated, stereotyped patterns propagating on the hemispheric surface of the brain over relatively large distances. Apart from the implications for the study of cognitive activities in the healthy brain, the theoretical possibility to treat pathological brain oscillations in terms of solitons has powerful operational implications, suggesting new therapeutical options to counteract their detrimental effects.
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CiteScore
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