Near-real-time multiparametric seismic and visual monitoring of explosive activity at Sabancaya volcano, Peru

This study presents the development of a multiparametric system that utilizes artificial intelligence techniques to identify and analyze volcanic explosions in near real-time. The study analyzed 1343 explosions recorded between 2019 and 2021, along with seismic, meteorological, and visible image data from the Sabancaya volcano. Deep learning algorithms like the U-Net convolutional neural network were used to segment and measure volcanic plumes in images, while boosting-based machine learning ensembles were used to classify seismic events related to ash plumes. The findings demonstrate that these approaches effectively handle large amounts of data generated during seismic and eruptive crises. The U-Net network achieved precise segmentation of volcanic plumes with over 98% accuracy and the ability to generalize to new data. The CatBoost classifier achieved an average accuracy of 94.5% in classifying seismic events. These approaches enable the real-time estimation of eruptive parameters without human intervention, contributing to the development of early warning systems for volcanic hazards. In conclusion, this study highlights the feasibility of using seismic signals and images to detect and characterize volcanic explosions in near real-time, making a significant contribution to the field of volcanic monitoring.