{"title":"美国紧急医疗服务指南中的劳累性中暑最佳做法","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Exertional heat illnesses (EHIs), specifically exertional heat stroke (EHS), are a top cause of nonaccidental death among U.S. laborers. EHS management requires coordination between Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and workplace officials to implement cold water immersion (CWI) and cool first, transport second (CFTS).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this article was to quantify and identify existing statewide EMS guidelines, determine whether statewide EHS guidelines improved outcomes for EHIs in laborers, and examine the odds of laborer EHS fatalities when best practices are present in EMS statewide guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The Paramedic Protocol Provider database and official EMS websites were examined to determine which U.S. states had statewide EMS guidelines and, for those with statewide guidelines, a two-way χ<sup>2</sup> analysis with associated odds ratios examined EHI outcomes. Statewide EMS guidelines underwent content analysis by three independent reviewers regarding EHS best practices. Significance was set <em>a priori</em> at <em>p</em> < 0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 57.7% (n = 30) had statewide EMS guidelines and 42.3% (n = 22) did not. There was a significant association for EHI outcome for states recommending CWI as a cooling method vs. those that did not (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub> = 3.336; <em>p</em> = 0.049). The odds of EHS deaths for laborers were 3.0 times higher if CWI was not included in the EMS guidelines. There was a significant association in EHI outcomes for states without CFTS (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub> = 5.051; <em>p</em> = 0.017). The odds of laborers dying from EHS were 3.7 times higher in states without CFTS.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Laborers are 3.0 and 3.7 times less likely to die from EHS when statewide EMS guidelines include CWI and CFTS, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Exertional Heat Stroke Best Practices in U.S. Emergency Medical Services Guidelines\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.04.005\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Exertional heat illnesses (EHIs), specifically exertional heat stroke (EHS), are a top cause of nonaccidental death among U.S. laborers. EHS management requires coordination between Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and workplace officials to implement cold water immersion (CWI) and cool first, transport second (CFTS).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this article was to quantify and identify existing statewide EMS guidelines, determine whether statewide EHS guidelines improved outcomes for EHIs in laborers, and examine the odds of laborer EHS fatalities when best practices are present in EMS statewide guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The Paramedic Protocol Provider database and official EMS websites were examined to determine which U.S. states had statewide EMS guidelines and, for those with statewide guidelines, a two-way χ<sup>2</sup> analysis with associated odds ratios examined EHI outcomes. Statewide EMS guidelines underwent content analysis by three independent reviewers regarding EHS best practices. Significance was set <em>a priori</em> at <em>p</em> < 0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 57.7% (n = 30) had statewide EMS guidelines and 42.3% (n = 22) did not. There was a significant association for EHI outcome for states recommending CWI as a cooling method vs. those that did not (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub> = 3.336; <em>p</em> = 0.049). The odds of EHS deaths for laborers were 3.0 times higher if CWI was not included in the EMS guidelines. There was a significant association in EHI outcomes for states without CFTS (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub> = 5.051; <em>p</em> = 0.017). The odds of laborers dying from EHS were 3.7 times higher in states without CFTS.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Laborers are 3.0 and 3.7 times less likely to die from EHS when statewide EMS guidelines include CWI and CFTS, respectively.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16085,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Emergency Medicine\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Emergency Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467924001367\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"EMERGENCY MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Emergency Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467924001367","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"EMERGENCY MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Exertional Heat Stroke Best Practices in U.S. Emergency Medical Services Guidelines
Background
Exertional heat illnesses (EHIs), specifically exertional heat stroke (EHS), are a top cause of nonaccidental death among U.S. laborers. EHS management requires coordination between Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and workplace officials to implement cold water immersion (CWI) and cool first, transport second (CFTS).
Objective
The purpose of this article was to quantify and identify existing statewide EMS guidelines, determine whether statewide EHS guidelines improved outcomes for EHIs in laborers, and examine the odds of laborer EHS fatalities when best practices are present in EMS statewide guidelines.
Methods
The Paramedic Protocol Provider database and official EMS websites were examined to determine which U.S. states had statewide EMS guidelines and, for those with statewide guidelines, a two-way χ2 analysis with associated odds ratios examined EHI outcomes. Statewide EMS guidelines underwent content analysis by three independent reviewers regarding EHS best practices. Significance was set a priori at p < 0.05.
Results
Among 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 57.7% (n = 30) had statewide EMS guidelines and 42.3% (n = 22) did not. There was a significant association for EHI outcome for states recommending CWI as a cooling method vs. those that did not (χ21 = 3.336; p = 0.049). The odds of EHS deaths for laborers were 3.0 times higher if CWI was not included in the EMS guidelines. There was a significant association in EHI outcomes for states without CFTS (χ21 = 5.051; p = 0.017). The odds of laborers dying from EHS were 3.7 times higher in states without CFTS.
Conclusions
Laborers are 3.0 and 3.7 times less likely to die from EHS when statewide EMS guidelines include CWI and CFTS, respectively.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician. JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency medicine. The Journal features the following sections:
• Original Contributions
• Clinical Communications: Pediatric, Adult, OB/GYN
• Selected Topics: Toxicology, Prehospital Care, The Difficult Airway, Aeromedical Emergencies, Disaster Medicine, Cardiology Commentary, Emergency Radiology, Critical Care, Sports Medicine, Wound Care
• Techniques and Procedures
• Technical Tips
• Clinical Laboratory in Emergency Medicine
• Pharmacology in Emergency Medicine
• Case Presentations of the Harvard Emergency Medicine Residency
• Visual Diagnosis in Emergency Medicine
• Medical Classics
• Emergency Forum
• Editorial(s)
• Letters to the Editor
• Education
• Administration of Emergency Medicine
• International Emergency Medicine
• Computers in Emergency Medicine
• Violence: Recognition, Management, and Prevention
• Ethics
• Humanities and Medicine
• American Academy of Emergency Medicine
• AAEM Medical Student Forum
• Book and Other Media Reviews
• Calendar of Events
• Abstracts
• Trauma Reports
• Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine