杂交饲料高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)的肥料、灌溉和植株密度调整替代农艺管理措施

U. L. Karunadhipathi, M. Malaviarachchi, W. M. P. B. Weerasinghe, M. Mahipala
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:在高地种植杂交饲料高粱品种时,基肥建议使用相对较多的尿素、三聚磷酸钠和澳门美高梅国际娱乐平台,SX-17 的用量为 100:90:65 千克/公顷,Dairy green 的用量为 150:62:37 千克/公顷。对于初作和轮作,建议每公顷施用 150 千克尿素作为上层敷料。本研究调查了将施肥量减少到 75%,并采用其他农艺措施对亚拉和第三季旱区低地休耕稻田中种植的杂交饲料高粱品种的影响:农艺管理方法包括四种基肥施用量(尿素:全磷酸盐:澳门美高梅娱乐唯一官网):100:90:65(BD1)、150:62:37(BD2)、75:68:49(BD3)和 113:47:28(BD4);两种追肥施用量:150(TD1)和 112.5 公斤/公顷(TD2)。5 公斤/公顷(TD2);两种株距配置,即 45x30 厘米(WS)和 45x15 厘米(NS);以及两种灌溉间隔制度,即 5 天至 30 天后灌溉 8 天(SI)和 7 天至 30 天后灌溉 10 天(LI)。这些因素被组合成四套农艺管理方案:AMP1(BD1、TD1、WS、SI)、AMP2(BD2、TD1、NS、SI)、AMP3(BD3、TD2、WS、LI)和 AMP4(BD4、TD2、NS、LI)。该研究采用三重复的小区设计,评估了最初的饲料高粱作物和第一茬轮作作物的各种参数,包括株高、茎直径、株重、叶面积指数(LAI)、分蘖数和饲料产量。当植株上 50%的圆锥花序处于乳粒期和团粒期时收割作物:在 AMP1 中,如果施肥量更高、株距更宽、灌溉间隔更短,最初种植的高粱植株明显更重、茎秆更宽。无论施肥量和灌溉间隔如何,在 AMP2 和 AMP4 中,最初种植的作物在株距较窄的情况下往往具有较高的 LAI。在套种作物中,AMP1 和 AMP3 中较宽的株距会使丛生作物具有较多的分蘖和较重的植株。不过,在 AMP2 和 AMP4 中,如果株距较窄,则轮作作物的 LAI 也较高。AMP2和AMP4的饲料干物质总产量(DMY)明显高于窄株距的AMP2和AMP4。此外,饲料干物质总产量不受施肥量和灌溉间隔的影响:杂交饲料高粱品种(SX-17 和 Dairygreen)以较高的种植密度、较少的肥料(75%)和灌溉条件种植,其饲料产量(分别为 21.1 公吨/公顷和 26.1 公吨/公顷)与在干旱地区亚拉和第三季低地水稻田中以较低的种植密度、较多的肥料和灌溉条件种植的品种(分别为 24.6 公吨/公顷和 28.1 公吨/公顷)相当。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Alternative Agronomic Management Practices Through Fertilizer, Irrigation, and Plant Density Adjustments for Hybrid Fodder Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Purpose: The basal fertilizer recommendation for growing hybrid fodder sorghum varieties in uplands involves relatively high quantities of Urea, TSP, and MOP, with rates of 100:90:65 kg/ha for SX-17 and 150:62:37 kg/ha for Dairy green. For both initial and ratoon crops, it is recommended to apply 150 kg/ha of urea as a top dressing. This study investigated the impact of reducing the fertilizer application rate to 75% and employing alternative agronomic practices on hybrid fodder sorghum varieties grown in lowland fallow paddy fields in the dry zone during the Yala and third seasons.Research Method: The agronomic management practices, including four basal fertilizer rates (Urea:TSP: MOP) of 100:90:65 (BD1), 150:62:37 (BD2), 75:68:49 (BD3), and 113:47:28 (BD4); two top-dressing urea fertilizer rates of 150 (TD1) and 112.5 kg/ha (TD2); two plant spacing configurations of 45x30 (WS) and 45x15 cm (NS); and two irrigation interval regimes, 5 days up to 30 days followed by 8 days (SI) and 7 days up to 30 days followed by 10 days (LI) were investigated. These factors were combined into four agronomic management packages: AMP1 (BD1, TD1, WS, SI), AMP2 (BD2, TD1, NS, SI), AMP3 (BD3, TD2, WS, LI), and AMP4 (BD4, TD2, NS, LI). The study used a split-plot design with three replicates and assessed various parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, plant weight, leaf area index (LAI), number of tillers, and fodder yield in both the initial fodder sorghum crop and the first ratoon crop. The crops were harvested when 50% of the panicles on the plants were at the milk and dough grain stages.Findings: The initial crop exhibited significantly heavier plants having wider stems when grown with higher fertilizer rates, wider plant spacing, and shorter irrigation intervals in AMP1. Irrespective of fertilizer rate and irrigation interval, the initial crops tended to have higher LAI with narrow plant spacing in AMP2 and AMP4. In the ratoon crops, wider plant spacing in AMP1 and AMP3 resulted in clumps with a greater number of tillers and heavier plants. However, the ratoon crops also exhibited higher LAI with narrow plant spacing in AMP2 and AMP4. Total fodder dry matter yield (DMY) in AMP2 and AMP4 with narrow plant spacing was significantly greater for both varieties. Furthermore, the DMY was not affected by fertilizer rate and irrigation interval.Value: Hybrid fodder sorghum varieties (SX-17 and Dairygreen) cultivated at higher plant density, along with reduced fertilizer (75%) and irrigation, can produce comparable fodder yield (21.1 and 26.1 MT/ha, respectively) to those grown at lower plant density with more fertilizer and irrigation (24.6 and 28.1 MT/ha, respectively) in lowland paddy fields during Yala and third seasons in the dry zone.
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