为肿瘤患者接种麻疹疫苗

S. Kharit, I. Fridman, A. A. Ruleva
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摘要

相关性。世界各地对疫苗的不信任与日俱增,疫苗接种率下降导致麻疹发病率上升,免疫缺陷人群的易感性增加。目的是什么?研究免疫缺陷儿童接种麻疹疫苗的有效性和安全性。材料和方法。研究涉及 107 名儿童:其中 74 名儿童有急性淋巴细胞白血病病史,33 名儿童患有实体瘤。所有儿童都曾接受过标准化的多化疗。对所有受试者的疫苗接种史进行了研究,并测定了麻疹特异性抗体滴度。抗体水平不具保护性的儿童(53 名)随后接种了麻疹疫苗。结果与讨论在接受检查的 107 名儿童中,99 人(92.5%)在患癌症前接种过麻疹疫苗,其中 68 人(68.7%)只接种过疫苗,31 人(31.3%)接种过疫苗并再次接种。51人(51.5%)的麻疹抗体滴度保持保护性,48人(48.5%)血清阴性。在接种疫苗后第 14 天和第 45 天评估免疫原性时发现,到第 14 天,53 名儿童中有 27 人(50.9%)产生了麻疹抗体,到第 45 天,53 名儿童中有 33 人(62.3%)产生了麻疹抗体,其余儿童未产生保护性抗体,包括 6 名重新接种的儿童中的 3 人。结论是因此,无论之前接种疫苗的次数和治疗结束的时间长短,83.8%的恶性疾病患儿的麻疹抗体未达到保护水平或抗体滴度较低,62.3%的病例治疗后免疫接种有效。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Vaccination against Measles in Patients with Oncological Disease
Relevance. Growing distrust of vaccines around the world, a decrease in vaccination rates have led to an increase in the incidence of measles and a rise in the vulnerability of people with immunodeficiency status. The aim. To study the efficacy and safety of measles vaccination in children with oncohematological diseases. Materials & methods. The study involved 107 children: 74 of them with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 33 with solid tumors. All children had a history of receiving standardized polychemotherapy. In all the subjects, the vaccination history was studied, the titers of specific antibodies to measles were determined. Children with non-protective levels of antibodies (53 children) were subsequently vaccinated against measles. Results and discussions. Of the 107 children examined, before cancer, 99 (92.5%) were vaccinated against measles, of which 68 (68.7%) patients were only vaccinated, and 31 (31.3%) had vaccination and revaccination. Protective titers of antibodies against measles were preserved in 51 people (51.5%), and 48 (48.5%) were seronegative. When assessing immunogenicity on days 14, 45 after the introduction of the vaccine, it turned out that by day 14, 27 out of 53 children (50.9%) developed measles antibodies, and by day 45, 33 out of 53 children (62.3%), the rest of the children did not developed a protective level of antibodies, including 3 of 6 revaccinated. Conclusion. Thus, children with malignant diseases, regardless of the number of previous vaccinations and the duration of the end of therapy, become unprotected or have low titers of antibodies to measles in 83.8%, and immunization after treatment is effective in 62.3% of cases.
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