俄罗斯由 Omicron 变体及其子代基因变体引起的冠状病毒感染(2022-2023 年)

L. Karpova, M. Y. Pelikh, N. M. Popovtseva, T. P. Stolyarova, K. Volik, K. Stolyarov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

相关性。监测 SARS-CoV-2 的新基因变异和流行过程的表现形式对预测流行病学形势和及时采取抗流行措施具有重要意义。目的评估 "omicron "变异体及其子代基因变异体在长期传播过程中流行强度的变化。材料和方法。对世界卫生组织 COVID-19 国家中心的计算机数据库进行了分析,以了解俄罗斯联邦 54 个城市整体人口和各年龄段人口的发病、住院和死亡情况。研究结果自 2020 年 COVID-19 在俄罗斯出现以来,2022 年第五次(冬春季)疫情最为严重。第六波(秋季)和第七波(冬春季)的强度较低。在第六波中,整个俄罗斯联邦人口的 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率分别下降了 2.5 倍和 6.5 倍,圣彼得堡分别下降了 2.6 倍和 29.7 倍,莫斯科分别下降了 1.6 倍和 26.6 倍。与第六波相比,第七波的发病率下降幅度较小。按年龄组划分,7-14 岁儿童的发病率下降较多(是第六波的 4.3 倍),0-2 岁儿童和 65 岁以上人群的发病率下降较少(2.0 倍),65 岁以上人群的发病率有从 18%上升到 27%的趋势。在 4 个边疆区(西北部、远东、西伯利亚和中部),COVID-19 在全体人口和各年龄组中的发病率较高。2022 年,俄罗斯首次出现了流行病间歇期,在特大城市的持续时间为 9 周,在边疆区的持续时间为 11 至 13 周。在疫情间歇期,整个俄罗斯联邦的发病率比最低第七波(冬春季)低 4.6 倍,圣彼得堡低 7.1 倍,莫斯科低 15 倍。在所观察的城市中没有儿童死亡,死亡率总系数的增加与 65 岁以上老人的死亡率有关。结论第 VI 波和第 VII 波中流行病进程强度的降低是由于奥米克龙及其子代基因的长期循环造成的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Coronavirus Infection Caused by the Omicron Variant and its Daughter Genovariants in Russia (2022–2023)
Relevance. Surveillance of new genetic variants and manifestations of the epidemic process in SARS-CoV-2 is relevant for predicting the epidemiological situation and timely introduction of anti-epidemic measures. Aim. To evaluate changes in the intensity of the epidemic process during the long circulation of the «omicron» variant and its daughter genovariants. Materials and methods. The analysis of the computer database of the WHO National Center for morbidity, hospitalization and deaths from COVID-19 of the population as a whole and by age groups of 54 cities of the Russian Federation was carried out. Results. Since the appearance of COVID-19 in Russia in 2020, the maximum intensity was the V (winter–spring) wave of 2022. The intensity of the VI (autumn) and VII (winter–spring) waves was lower. In the VI wave, the incidence and mortality from COVID-19 of the population of the RF as a whole decreased by 2.5 and 6.5 times, St. Petersburg – by 2.6 and 29.7 times, and Moscow by 1.6 and 26.6 times. In the VII wave, compared with the VI wave, the decrease in morbidity was less. By age groups, the incidence decreased more among children aged 7–14 years (4.3 times in the VI wave) and less among children 0 –2 and people over 65 years (2.0 times), there was a tendency to increase the proportion of people over 65 years from 18% to 27%. The incidence rates of COVID-19 in the population as a whole and in age groups were higher in 4 FD (North-West, Far East, Siberia and the Center). In 2022, an interepidemic period was revealed for the first time in Russia, the duration of which was in megacities for 9 and FD – from 11 to 13 weeks. In the interepidemic period, the incidence was less than in the minimum VII (winter-spring) wave in the RF as a whole – by 4.6 times, in St. Petersburg – by 7.1 times and in Moscow – by 15 times. There were no deaths among children in the observed cities, and an increase in the total coefficient of mortality rate is associated with mortality among people over 65 years of age. Conclusion. The decrease in the intensity of the epidemicprocess in the VI and VII waves is caused by the prolonged circulation of omicron and its daughter genovarians.
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