用二(2-乙基己基)正磷酸从硝酸溶液中萃取镧、钕、钐和钇

Vladimir Alexandrovich Karelin, Bach Thuan Kieu, Hai Son Le, N. V. Karelina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于稀土元素的物理和化学性质相似,将其分离成单个成分的过程被认为是稀土技术中最重要的问题。目前,世界上广泛使用磷酸二烷基化合物作为稀土的有效萃取剂。然而,大多数萃取工艺都是从盐酸或高氯酸盐溶液中进行研究的。在俄罗斯,长期以来一直使用磷酸三丁酯从硝酸溶液中萃取稀土,但元素的分布系数不高,而且必须多次重复萃取过程。本研究使用二(2-乙基己基)磷酸正丁酯从硝酸溶液中萃取镧、钕、钐和钇。当硝酸浓度增加时,元素的分布系数逐渐下降到最小值(在 1 至 5M 的范围内),然后回升。然而,当浓度过高时(C > 5M),由于磷基的特性,硝酸会被萃取到有机相中。此外,钕的溶解度与硝酸浓度的关系研究表明,有机相中的稀土可以以 Re(HA2)3 (C < 1M)或 Re(NO3)3"3HA (C > 5M)的形式被提取出来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Use of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-orthophosphoric acid for the extraction of lanthanum, neodymium, samarium and yttrium from nitric acid solutions
The process of separating rare-earth elements into individual components is considered the most important problem in rare-earth technology because of the similarity in their physical and chemical properties. Currently in the world dialkyl phosphate compounds are widely used as effective extractors for rare earths. However, most extraction processes have been studied from hydrochloric acid or perchlorate solutions. In Russia, tributyl phosphate has long been used to extract rare earths from nitric acid solutions, but the distribution coefficients of the elements are not high, and the process must be repeated multiple times. In this study di-(2-ethylhexyl)-orthophosphoric acid was used for the extraction of lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, and yttrium from nitric acid solutions. When the concentration of nitric acid increased, distribution coefficient of elements gradually decreased to minimum (in the range of 1 to 5M) then increased backward. However, when the concentration was too high (C > 5M), nitric acid was extracted to the organic phase due to the properties of the phosphoryl group. Moreover, the study of dependence of solvation number of neodymium on the concentrations of nitric acid shows that rare earths in the organic phase can be extracted as Re(HA2)3 (C < 1M) or Re(NO3)3«3HA (C > 5M).
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