Hysteroscopy with Endometrial Vacuum Aspiration in Repeated Implantation Failure: Diagnostic Significance and the Effect on IVF Success

Introduction. This study raises the issue of diagnostic and therapeutic value of hysteroscopy with endometrial vacuum aspiration in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) in IVF programs.The purpose of the study is to determine the structure of uterine pathology in women with RIF according to hysteroscopy with endometrial aspiration biopsy and to study the effect of hysteroscopy with subsequent endometrial vacuum aspiration in patients with a history of repeated implantation failures on clinical pregnancy rate.Materials and methods. In this retrospective cohort study we investigated a sample of 143 patients who passed the program of IVF at the Clinical Institute of Reproductive Medicine (Ekaterinburg, Russia). We studied the frequency of detection of uterine pathology using hysteroscopy and endometrial vacuum aspiration in patients with RIF (n = 36) and in the control group without RIF (n = 89). We analyzed the differences in the chance of clinical pregnancy aſter embryo transfer (s) in the IVF program in patients with RIF aſter hysteroscopy with endometrial vacuum aspiration (n = 30) and in the control group (n = 18).Results. The structure of intrauterine pathology was not statistically different in patients with RIF and without this condition (p > 0.05 for all pathologies). Hysteroscopy with endometrial vacuum aspiration significantly increased the incidence of clinical pregnancies in patients with RIF compared with the control group (23/30 (77.0 %) and 8/18 (44.0 %), p = 0.032).Discussion. The obtained data on the structure of the pathology of the uterus correlate with the results of similar studies. The therapeutic effect of hysteroscopy in infertility remains a matter of controversy.Conclusion. Hysteroscopy with pathomorphological examination of the aspirated endometrium is the same intervention in terms of diagnostic efficiency for patients without identified uterine pathology on ultrasound, regardless of RIF status. Hysteroscopic examination with curative endometrial injury may increase the success rate of embryo transfer implants in patients with RIF.