Historical and Future global warming under different RCP emission scenarios

Understanding the relationship between carbon emissions and climate change has become increasingly urgent amidst the universal endorsement of sustainable development and the establishment of net-zero carbon emission target (The Paris Agreement). In this study, model projections based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are used to examine future climate change under different representative concentration pathway (RCP) emission scenarios till 2300. Besides analysis of future global average temperature change under the emission scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP 8.5, historical data is first collected during the past three decades (1990-2021). The results show that the simulated global warming ranges from 0.9 to 1.3 between 1990 and 2021, consistent with the observations (0.93). Carbon emissions in China arose mostly from manufacturing and construction, electricity and heat and transport. Emissions from electricity, heat and transport increase by a high ratio of 7.7 and 3.5 times due to industry development. Under different RCP scenarios, the global surface temperature anomaly will increase by 0.2-1.0, 1.2-2.0, 3.5-4.3 and 3.0-8.5 , respectively. The surface temperature anomaly values under RCP8.5 are much higher than those under other emission scenarios. Only in the RCP2.6 scenario (sustainability), the surface warming in all simulations stays below a 2 threshold at the end of the 21st century. To attain net zero emissions, it is highly demanded to develop strict emission policies, chart a course toward decarbonization, and institute effective measures aimed at realizing net zero emissions within the short to medium term. Concurrently striving for economic objectives, managing the equilibrium between economic growth and environmental sustainability emerges as a critical imperative.