将树枝地貌学纳入应力-应变数值模型:监测斜坡动态的机会

Silvia Curioni, Paola Gattinoni, Giovanni Leonelli
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引用次数: 0

摘要

监测系统是全世界公认的山体滑坡风险管理的基本工具。然而,在处理森林地区的大型斜坡时,监测可能会很困难。在这种情况下,树枝地貌学可以提供一种低成本、低影响的替代方法,提供具有年度时间分辨率的分布式信息。本研究首次尝试将树枝测量数据和树枝地貌数据整合到有限差分数值模型中,以模拟树木-斜坡系统的应力-应变行为。通过使用参数方法,数值模型能够有效地再现树干异常(即通过敏感性分析,确定了模型校准的目标参数,强调了木材变形能力的相关性;此外,通过对结果的解释,可以指出不同斜坡条件(运动学和崩塌面深度)和不同滑坡区域(坡顶、坡体和坡脚)的不同特点(变形类型、崩塌方向和内应力分布)。随后,将建模方法应用于 Val Roncaglia 滑坡(意大利北部),该滑坡具有复杂的旋转-横向运动学特征,并有多个滑动面。模拟的茎干异常现象与现场地形测量的异常现象非常吻合,证实了滑坡的概念模型,有助于规划进一步的具体调查。此外,该模型能够再现树木的倾斜角度,如果与树木的偏心率相关联,则可以提供一个相当长的滑坡再激活时间序列(超过 50-60 年),并允许使用树木年代学数据对模型进行校准,从而加强斜坡动态监测和滑坡风险管理。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Integrating Dendrogeomorphology into Stress–Strain Numerical Models: An Opportunity to Monitor Slope Dynamic
Monitoring systems are recognized worldwide as fundamental tools for landslide risk management. However, monitoring can be difficult when dealing with large slopes in forested areas. In these situations, dendrogeomorphology can offer a low-cost and low-impact alternative for providing distributed information with an annual temporal resolution. The present study is a first attempt to integrate dendrometric and dendrogeomorphic data into a numerical finite difference model, in order to simulate the stress–strain behavior of the tree-slope system. By using a parametrical approach, the capability of the numerical model to effectively reproduce the tree stem anomalies (i.e., tilting angle, J-shaped feature, and internal stresses causing tree-ring growth anomalies such as eccentric growth and reaction wood) was verified, and the target parameters for the model calibration were identified based on a sensitivity analysis, which emphasized the relevance of the wood deformability; moreover, the interpretation of results allowed to point out different peculiarities (in terms of type of deformation, falling direction, and distribution of internal stresses) for different slope conditions (kinematics and depth of the failure surface) and different zones of the landslide (head scarp, main body, and toe). Afterwards, the modeling approach was applied to the Val Roncaglia landslide (Northen Italy), which involves a complex roto-translational kinematics, characterized by multiple sliding surfaces. The simulated stem anomalies showed good agreement with the ones arising from onsite dendrometric surveys, and they confirmed the conceptual model of the landslide, enabling the planning of further specific investigations. Moreover, the capability of the model in reproducing the tilting angle of trees, if correlated to their eccentricity, could provide a quite long time series (over more than 50–60 years) of the landslide reactivation and allow the use of dendrochronological data for the model calibration, thereby enhancing slope dynamic monitoring and landslide risk management.
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