Characterization of seismic-scale petrofacies variability in the Arbuckle Group using supervised machine learning: Wellington Field, Kansas

The Arbuckle Group in southern Kansas has been investigated for carbon geosequestration-related studies. In this study, we evaluated seismic-scale petrophysically defined facies variability of the Arbuckle Group at the Wellington Field, Kansas, using quantitative seismic interpretation and a supervised Random Forest classification approach. We first defined three petrophysics-based rock types (petrofacies) from core-derived porosity and permeability measurements using the flow-zone indicator (FZI) approach. Then, using the artificial neural network (ANN), we classified these petrofacies in non-cored intervals. We observed that petrofacies 1 corresponds to medium and coarse-grained dolomitic packstone, wackestone, and dolomitic breccia with up to 8% porosity and Darcy-scale permeability values. Whereas petrofacies 2 and 3 correspond to argillaceous and fine-grained micritic dolomites and dolomitic mudstones with lower permeability values for a given porosity, with respect to petrofacies 1. Using the common reflection-point gathers, we performed pre-stack seismic inversion and calculated various amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) attribute volumes. We used these elastic properties and AVO attribute volumes as input for estimating supervised seismic-scale 3D petrofacies and petrofacies probability volumes using the Random Forest algorithm. Results reveal the complex distribution of petrofacies in the candidate injection and baffle zones in the study area, where petrofacies 1 is mainly prevalent within the lower and upper portions of the Arbuckle group, while petrofacies 2 and 3 are mainly present in the middle Arbuckle interval. The workflow we present through this study provides spatial variability of facies distribution that is reflective of actual lithology and petrophysical properties of the Arbuckle group in the study area with limited well control.