评估植物库存应用中的射频识别功率和无人机高度

Van Patiluna, J. Maja, James Robbins
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在观赏植物的种植和销售业务中,对植物从苗圃到销售的整个过程进行跟踪非常重要。射频识别(RFID)技术通过附加具有唯一标识符的标签,为植物库存提供了一种更简便的跟踪方法。由于大多数苗圃面积广阔,因此需要一种高效的 RFID 标签扫描方法。本文研究了无人机和 RFID 的使用,特别是 RFID 阅读器功率和飞行高度对标签数量的影响。实验设置评估了三种 RFID 阅读器功率水平(15 dBm、20 dBm 和 27 dBm)、三种飞行高度(3 m、5 m 和 7 m)、通过次数(一次或两次)和两种植物类型("绿色巨人 "乔木和 "天空铅笔 "冬青)。对于 RFID 标签,使用了四种类型(L5、L6、L8 和 L9),两种天线类型(狗骨型和方波型)和两种连接类型(环锁型和桩型)。对于每个功率级别,无人飞行器分别飞到离地面 3 米、5 米和 7 米的三个不同高度。在每个高度,以每秒约 1.5 米的恒定速度进行两次扫描。每块地(共两块)的植物都被随机标记,每块地共 40 个 RFID 标签。实地数据收集时间为 2023 年 9 月至 12 月(共八个日期)。数据显示,在 15 dBm 的功率水平和 3 米的高度下,标签计数率为 53%,而在 5 米和 7 米的高度下,标签计数率分别为 34% 和 16%。在 20 dBm 和 3 米高度下,所有标签类型和两种植物的计数准确率均为 90%。当高度增加到 5 米和 7 米时,标签计数准确率分别下降到 75% 和 33%。在 27 dBm 和高度为 3 米时,计数准确率最高,读数准确率为 98%。标签类型 L6 和 L9 在任何功率水平和高度下都表现较好,而 L5 和 L8 则在较高功率水平和较低高度下表现较好。在这项实验中,树冠的特性(大小和形状)对读取标签的数量没有影响。本研究旨在评估 RFID 功率和无人机高度对扫描 RFID 标签的最高精确度。此外,它还评估了植物生长对系统扫描效率和准确性的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation of Radio Frequency Identification Power and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Altitude in Plant Inventory Applications
In the business of growing and selling ornamental plants, it is important to keep track of plants from nursery to distribution. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology provides an easier tracking method for inventories of plants by attaching tags with unique identifiers. Due to the vast area of most nurseries, there is a need to have an efficient method of scanning RFID tags. This paper investigates the use of drones and RFID, specifically, the effects of RFID reader power and flight altitude on tag counts. The experimental setup evaluated three RFID reader power levels (15 dBm, 20 dBm, and 27 dBm), three flight altitudes (3 m, 5 m, and 7 m), the number of passes (one or two), and two plant types (‘Green Giant’ arborvitae and ‘Sky Pencil’ holly). For RFID tags, four types were used (L5, L6, L8, and L9), with two antenna types (dog-bone and square-wave) and two attachment types (loop-lock and stake). For each power level, the UAV was flown to three different altitudes of 3 m, 5 m, and 7 m above the ground. At each altitude, two scan passes were performed at a constant speed of approximately 1.5 m/s. Each plot of plants (two in total) was randomly tagged with a total of 40 RFID tags per plot. Field data were collected from September to December 2023 (on a total of eight dates). The data showed that a power level of 15 dBm and an altitude of 3 m yielded a tag count of 53%, while counts of 34% and 16% were achieved at 5 m and 7 m, respectively. At 20 dBm and an altitude of 3 m, the count accuracy across all tag types and both plants was 90%. When the altitude was increased to 5 m and 7 m, tag-count accuracy dropped to 75% and 33%, respectively. The highest count accuracy was observed at 27 dBm and an altitude of 3 m, with a reading accuracy of 98%. Tag types L6 and L9 performed better at any power level and altitude, while L5 and L8 performed well at a higher power level and lower altitude. In this experiment, canopy properties (size and shape) had no effect on the number of tags read. This study aimed to evaluate the RFID power and UAV altitude achieving the highest accuracy in scanning the RFID tags. Furthermore, it also assessed the effects of plant growth on the scanning efficiency and accuracy of the system.
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