加利福尼亚州布劳利地震带中等震级跨断层地震直接触发南圣安德烈亚斯断层的动态方案

Christodoulos Kyriakopoulos, D. Oglesby
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引用次数: 0

摘要

小断层与大断层之间的交汇在世界各地无处不在,包括加利福尼亚州南部的圣安德烈亚斯走向滑动断层系统。特别是在 Salton 海地区的 Brawley 地震带(BSZ)中,左侧小型走向滑动断层与南部圣安德烈亚斯主断层(SSAF)之间可能存在正交交汇。该地区经常发生地震群,这就提出了一个问题:这些左侧交叉断层 (CF) 上的中度地震是否会传播到附近的圣安德烈亚斯断层,从而引发破坏性的大地震。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一系列动态破裂方案,描述了与 BSZ 中高度预应力 SSAF 相交的代表性 CF 的相互作用。我们的模型涵盖了各种不同震级(Mw∼5.2-6.1)、破裂深度、位置和方向性的 CF 地震破裂情景,以测试它们触发 SSAF 的潜力。我们利用模型来研究上述参数如何在可能触发 SSAF 的断裂发展过程中发挥相互关联的作用。我们的研究结果表明,邻近 SSAF 和浅层破裂增强了中等规模 CF 地震向 SSAF 传播的能力。我们还表明,从 CF 相交边缘开始的地震不太可能触发 SSAF,除非它们至少传播了 CF 长度的一半。我们的实验首次提供了一个比较基准,让我们深入了解可能控制较小 CF 地震引发重大 SSAF 事件的破裂参数。这些实验还有助于了解小型断层与较大相交断层之间的一般相互作用,例如最近发生的 2023 年土耳其卡赫拉曼马拉什地震。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Direct Dynamic Triggering Scenarios of the Southern San Andreas Fault by Moderate-Magnitude Cross-Fault Earthquakes in the Brawley Seismic Zone, California
Intersections between small faults and larger faults are ubiquitous throughout the world, including the strike-slip San Andreas system in southern California. In particular, orthogonal intersections may exist in the Brawley seismic zone (BSZ) in the Salton Sea region between small left-lateral strike-slip faults and the main southern San Andreas fault (SSAF). This area often experiences earthquake swarms, which poses the question of whether moderate earthquakes on these left-lateral cross faults (CFs) may propagate to the nearby SSAF, triggering a large, damaging event. To address this question, we present a collection of dynamic rupture scenarios describing the interaction of a representative CF intersecting the highly prestressed SSAF in the BSZ. Our models span a variety of CF earthquake rupture scenarios that vary in magnitude (Mw∼5.2–6.1), rupture depth, location, and directivity to test their potential to trigger the SSAF. We use our models to investigate how the above parameters play an interconnected role in developing ruptures that might trigger the SSAF. Our results highlight that adjacency to the SSAF and shallow rupture enhance the ability of moderate-size CF earthquakes to propagate onto the SSAF. We also show that earthquakes starting at the opposite edge of the CF from the intersection are less likely to trigger the SSAF unless they propagate over at least half of the CF length. Our experiments provide for the first time a benchmark of comparison and insights into rupture parameters that might control the initiation of a significant SSAF event from a smaller CF earthquake. They may also give insight into the general interactions of small faults with larger intersecting faults, such as in the case of the recent 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, earthquake.
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