Anurans and their contribution to agriculture: a review

Of the three extant amphibian orders, Anurans commonly known as frogs and toads are by far the most specious, diversified, and ubiquitous. Anurans are one of the most endangered groups of creatures on earth and perform a critical function in the ecology. The preservation of biodiversity, sustainable development and food security are all major goals of agroforestry. In dispersed agricultural environments, agricultural activities like paddy and rice fields may offer frogs a habitat and aid in their preservation. The long-term impacts of introducing frogs in rice yield and soil Phosphorus availability are largely underestimated and undervalued. Currently, the cultivation of rice paddy creates 11% of the anthropogenic CH4 (Methane) in the atmosphere, which can be regulated through the use of frogs. The frogs and toads are the bio-indicators of the environment. They consume bugs, weeds, and other harmful insects to keep their numbers in check. They also operate as a biological pest management and supply food for other creatures including birds, reptiles, and small mammals. The frog's waste increases the rice crops' access to nutrients and also has a fertilising effect. However, excessive pesticide usage and public ignorance about these species are causing the anuran population to decline rapidly.