气候变化、公共卫生和动物福利:采用 "同一健康 "方法减少畜牧业的气候足迹

Cleo Verkuijl, Jessie Smit, Jonathan M. H. Green, Rebecca Nordquist, Jeff Sebo, Matthew N. Hayek, M. Hötzel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

畜牧业对全球温室气体排放贡献巨大--估计占人为排放总量的 12%-20%。这促使政府和私营部门提出了各种方法来减轻这些气候影响。本文从 "一个健康 "的角度来探讨这一问题,认为在选择解决方案时不仅要考虑减少温室气体排放的潜力--这并不总是必然的,还要考虑对公共卫生和动物福利的影响。从这一角度出发,我们研究了经常被提出的三类策略对公共健康和动物福利的潜在影响:(1)"可持续集约化 "方法,旨在保持或提高产量,同时限制排放并避免进一步的土地转换;(2)"物种转换 "方法,重点是改变饮食习惯,食用温室气体排放量较低的动物肉类,而不是排放量较高的动物肉类;以及(3)"系统性膳食改变 "方法,提倡转向全植物食品或传统动物产品的新型替代品。我们讨论了一些方法--尤其是与可持续集约化和物种转移相关的方法--如何给公共卫生和动物福利带来新的重大风险。促进系统性膳食改变有助于克服其中一些挑战,但需要认真关注公平问题,以确保弱势群体仍能获得所需的营养。最后,我们建议采用更全面的方法来减少养殖动物的排放,这有助于避免权衡利弊,提高与其他社会目标的协同效应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Climate change, public health, and animal welfare: towards a One Health approach to reducing animal agriculture’s climate footprint
Animal agriculture contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—an estimated 12%-20% of total anthropogenic emissions. This has led both governmental and private actors to propose various ways to mitigate those climate impacts. This paper applies a One Health lens to the issue, arguing that the choice of solutions should not only consider the potential to reduce GHG emissions—which is not always a given—but also the implications for public health and animal welfare. With this perspective, we examine the potential public health and animal welfare impacts of three types of strategies that are often proposed: (1) “sustainable intensification” methods, aimed at maintaining or increasing production while limiting emissions and avoiding further land conversion; (2) “species shift” approaches, which focus on changing diets to consume meat from animals produced with lower GHG emissions instead of that of animals associated with higher emissions; and (3) “systemic dietary change” approaches that promote shifts towards whole plant-based foods or novel alternatives to conventional animal products. We discuss how some approaches—particularly those associated with sustainable intensification and species shift—could introduce new and significant risks to public health and animal welfare. Promoting systemic dietary change helps to overcome some of these challenges, but requires careful attention to equity to ensure that vulnerable populations still have access to the nutrients they need. We end with recommendations for a more holistic approach to reducing emissions from farmed animals that can help avoid trade-offs and increase synergies with other societal goals.
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