阿尔茨海默病的新型生物标记物:血浆神经丝蛋白光和脑脊液

Q1 Neuroscience
Daniel Naawenkangua Abukuri
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引用次数: 0

摘要

阿尔茨海默病(AD)等神经退行性疾病对公众健康的影响越来越大。由于临床诊断面临挑战,生物标志物在研究、试验和患者评估中变得越来越重要。虽然淀粉样蛋白-β肽、tau 蛋白、CSF 水平(Aβ、tau 和 p-tau)等生物标志物和神经影像学技术在 AD 诊断中得到了普遍应用,但它们在监测和诊断中往往具有局限性和侵入性。因此,基于血液的生物标志物因其无创、经济、可靠和一致性而成为检测脑部疾病神经变性的最佳选择。这篇文献综述重点研究了血浆神经丝光(NfL)和脑脊液神经丝光(NfL)作为血液生物标记物在近期AD诊断中的应用。研究结果显示,神经变性的核心 CSF 生物标志物(T-tau、P-tau 和 Aβ42)、CSF NFL 和血浆 T-tau 与阿尔茨海默病密切相关,而核心生物标志物与阿尔茨海默病导致的轻度认知障碍密切相关。血浆和脑脊液NfL水平的升高与相应脑区[18F]FDG摄取量的降低有关。在 Aβ 阳性(Aβ+)的参与者中,NfL 与阿尔茨海默病易感区域的新陈代谢减少有关。此外,脑脊液 NfL 水平与脑萎缩相关,并可预测认知变化,而血浆总 tau 却不相关。血浆 P-tau,尤其是与 Aβ42/Aβ40 结合使用时,有望用于有症状的 AD 阶段。血液中的NfL虽然不是AD的专属指标,但在检测神经变性和评估治疗效果方面具有前景。鉴于脑脊液中 T-tau、P-tau、Aβ42 和 NFL 水平的一致性,强烈建议将其纳入临床实践和研究中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Novel Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: Plasma Neurofilament Light and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represent an increasingly significant public health concern. As clinical diagnosis faces challenges, biomarkers are becoming increasingly important in research, trials, and patient assessments. While biomarkers like amyloid-β peptide, tau proteins, CSF levels (Aβ, tau, and p-tau), and neuroimaging techniques are commonly used in AD diagnosis, they are often limited and invasive in monitoring and diagnosis. For this reason, blood-based biomarkers are the optimal choice for detecting neurodegeneration in brain diseases due to their noninvasiveness, affordability, reliability, and consistency. This literature review focuses on plasma neurofilament light (NfL) and CSF NfL as blood-based biomarkers used in recent AD diagnosis. The findings revealed that the core CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration (T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42), CSF NFL, and plasma T-tau were strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease, and the core biomarkers were strongly associated with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease. Elevated levels of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid NfL were linked to decreased [18F]FDG uptake in corresponding brain areas. In participants with Aβ positivity (Aβ+), NfL correlated with reduced metabolism in regions susceptible to Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, CSF NfL levels correlate with brain atrophy and predict cognitive changes, while plasma total tau does not. Plasma P-tau, especially in combination with Aβ42/Aβ40, is promising for symptomatic AD stages. Though not AD-exclusive, blood NfL holds promise for neurodegeneration detection and assessing treatment efficacy. Given the consistent levels of T-tau, P-tau, Aβ42, and NFL in CSF, their incorporation into both clinical practice and research is highly recommended.
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来源期刊
International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroscience-Behavioral Neuroscience
CiteScore
10.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
3
审稿时长
11 weeks
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