大鼠颞骨骨髓及其与内耳的联系

Paola Perin, Daniele Cossellu, Elisa Vivado, L. Batti, Ivana Gantar, Fabian F. Voigt, Roberto Pizzala
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摘要

研究发现,髑髅骨髓是大脑免疫反应的核心,它通过通道与硬脑膜相连,允许白细胞迁移。颞骨骨髓被认为在内耳方面发挥着重要作用,但鉴于这种骨骼复杂的解剖结构,颞骨骨髓在很大程度上仍未被描述。我们利用光片成像清除样本和显微 CT 鉴定了大鼠颞骨髓的几何形状和连通性。通过细胞含量(尤其是巨核细胞的存在)可识别清除组织中的骨髓;由于啮齿类动物体内不存在充气腔,因此在显微 CT 扫描中可通过其几何形状识别骨髓簇。在已清理的瓣膜骨中,通过自发荧光可对耳囊层进行划分。在软骨内层,可观察到与耳蜗基底和前庭以及耳蜗顶相关的骨髓。耳蜗顶软骨内层骨髓(CAEM)与其余软骨内层骨髓分离,因此被定义为 "前庭软骨内层骨髓"(VEM)。一个更大的骨髓岛(鞍旁非内软骨骨髓,PNEM)延伸到半规管臂周围的耳囊外。PNEM主要通过类似于犊骨的骨通道与硬脑膜相连,只有少数通道通向耳道骨膜。相反,软骨内骨髓通过血管环(CAEM 的血管环通向螺旋韧带,VEM 的血管环通向骨性迷宫骨膜)与迷宫和硬膜窦相连。此外,CAEM 还与中耳的鼓膜张力窝相连,VEM 则与内淋巴囊相连。内侧软骨髓由小叶组成,小叶之间以及小叶与其他结构之间通过内衬有细长巨噬细胞的通道相连,而外侧软骨髓则显示出较大的小叶,小叶之间通过通道相连,内衬有稀疏的巨噬细胞。我们的数据表明,大鼠内耳与中耳和大脑的交界处被骨髓包围,骨髓很可能具有 "海关 "作用,限制病原体的扩散;在耳囊软骨内骨层中发现了另一个具有不同结构特征的骨髓网络,可能发挥着不同的功能作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Temporal bone marrow of the rat and its connections to the inner ear
Calvarial bone marrow has been found to be central in the brain immune response, being connected to the dura through channels which allow leukocyte trafficking. Temporal bone marrow is thought to play important roles in relation to the inner ear, but is still largely uncharacterized, given this bone complex anatomy. We characterized the geometry and connectivity of rat temporal bone marrow using lightsheet imaging of cleared samples and microCT. Bone marrow was identified in cleared tissue by cellular content (and in particular by the presence of megakaryocytes); since air-filled cavities are absent in rodents, marrow clusters could be recognized in microCT scans by their geometry. In cleared petrosal bone, autofluorescence allowed delineation of the otic capsule layers. Within the endochondral layer, bone marrow was observed in association to the cochlear base and vestibule, and to the cochlear apex. Cochlear apex endochondral marrow (CAEM) was a separated cluster from the remaining endochondral marrow, which was therefore defined as “vestibular endochondral marrow” (VEM). A much larger marrow island (petrosal non-endochondral marrow, PNEM) extended outside the otic capsule surrounding semicircular canal arms. PNEM was mainly connected to the dura, through bone channels similar to those of calvarial bone, and only a few channels were directed toward the canal periosteum. On the contrary, endochondral bone marrow was well connected to the labyrinth through vascular loops (directed to the spiral ligament for CAEM and to the bony labyrinth periosteum for VEM), and to dural sinuses. In addition, CAEM was also connected to the tensor tympani fossa of the middle ear and VEM to the endolymphatic sac. Endochondral marrow was made up of small lobules connected to each other and to other structures by channels lined by elongated macrophages, whereas PNEM displayed larger lobules connected by channels with a sparse macrophage population. Our data suggest that the rat inner ear is surrounded by bone marrow at the junctions with middle ear and brain, most likely with “customs” role, restricting pathogen spread; a second marrow network with different structural features is found within the endochondral bone layer of the otic capsule and may play different functional roles.
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