塔斯马尼亚高山荒地火灾后七十五年的植被变化

IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES
Ellen-Rose Sorensen, Jamie B. Kirkpatrick
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景高山生态系统受到气候变暖和火灾频率增加的威胁。我们对火灾发生 50 多年后塔斯马尼亚高山石楠的演替情况缺乏了解。文献表明,高山演替过程通常包括变化率的下降、火龄差异的缩小、灌木物种之间的持续过渡、从某些生命形式/物种向其他生命形式/物种的持续过渡,以及气候变暖导致物种丰富度的增加。目的我们测试了澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州库纳尼/惠灵顿山高山植被在火灾后 75 年内的这些趋势。方法我们记录了 1998 年至 2022 年期间高山荒地高山火灾边界两侧地块植被结构和组成的变化,并利用早期数据和观察结果将火灾后的变化记录延长至 75 年。我们将这些变化与 1947 年或之后唯一没有被烧毁的高山植被区域联系起来。主要结果1947 年最后一次烧毁的地区在 1998 年至 2022 年期间的所有生命形式覆盖率都有所下降。在 1962 年最后一次烧毁的地区,除高大灌木和垫状灌木外,所有生命形式的覆盖度都有所下降。到 2022 年,1962 年焚烧区的灌木覆盖率仍未达到 1947 年焚烧区的覆盖率。草本植物在两个火灾等级中的降幅最大。2022 年的灌木幼苗很少。除了 6 个分类群(其中 3 个为外来分类群)外,在地块和之前的更广泛调查中都观察到了这些分类群。没有观察到低海拔物种向上迁移所导致的物种丰富度增加。长期未烧毁的地块中缺少 1947 年烧毁地块中的主要优势物种,即 Orites acicularis,并且以一种在大部分山区都没有的裸子植物为主。结论演替遵循最初的植物组成模式。1947 年和 1962 年的大火造成的轨迹差异可能是由于风速和温度升高造成的干燥或磨损。有强烈迹象表明,在没有火灾的情况下,可能会发生进一步的变化。启示恢复速度缓慢,且具有持续性,这强调了防止火灾影响该植被类型的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Seventy-five years of vegetation change after fire in Tasmanian alpine heathland
Context

Alpine ecosystems are threatened by warming and an associated increase in fire frequency. There is a gap in our knowledge of succession in Tasmanian alpine heath more than 50 years after fire. The literature suggests that the alpine successional progression usually involves decreasing rates of change, decreasing differences among fire ages, ongoing transitions among shrub species, ongoing transitions from some lifeforms/species to others, and that warming results in increases in species richness.

Aims

We test for these tendencies up to 75 years from fire in alpine vegetation on kunanyi/Mount Wellington, Tasmania, Australia.

Methods

We documented the changes in vegetation structure and composition between 1998 and 2022 in plots on either side of an alpine fire boundary in the alpine heathland and used earlier data and observations to extend the record of change after fire to 75 years. We put these changes in the context of the only area of alpine vegetation that was not burnt in 1947 or later.

Key results

The area last burnt in 1947 exhibited declines in all lifeform covers between 1998 and 2022. All lifeforms except tall shrubs and mat shrubs declined in cover in the area last burnt in 1962. By 2022, shrub cover in the 1962-burnt area had not attained equivalence with the area last burnt in 1947. Herbs had the most dramatic decline in both fire-age classes. There were few shrub seedlings in 2022. All but six taxa, three being exotic, were observed in both the plots and previous broader surveys. Increases in species richness caused by the upward migration of lower-elevation species were not observed. The long-unburnt patch lacked the major dominant of the 1947-burnt plots, namely Orites acicularis, and was dominated by a gymnosperm absent from most of the mountain.

Conclusions

Succession follows the initial floristic composition model. The differences in trajectories from the 1947 and 1962 fires could possibly be due to desiccation or abrasion damage from increasing wind speeds and temperatures. There are strong indications of further potential change in the absence of fire.

Implications

The slow rate of recovery and its on-going nature emphasise the importance of keeping fire out of this vegetation type.

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来源期刊
Australian Journal of Botany
Australian Journal of Botany 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
18.20%
发文量
26
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Australian Journal of Botany is an international journal for publication of original research in plant science. We seek papers of broad interest with relevance to Southern Hemisphere ecosystems. Our scope encompasses all approaches to understanding plant biology. Australian Journal of Botany is published with the endorsement of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Australian Academy of Science.
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