Distribution and palaeoecology of scleractinian corals during the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous)

Maastrichtian scleractinian corals from 94 localities in 26 Maastrichtian regions world-wide with strata of that age are taxonomically and palaeobiogeographically evaluated. A total of 205 taxa, belonging to 116 genera and 37 families, are included in the present study. Most coral taxa have been recorded from non-reefal environments. A significant majority of these taxa (genera = 70.7%; species = 75.6%) appear to have been endemic during the Maastrichtian. The Maastrichtian coral fauna is dominated by solitary and cerioid-plocoid forms (both accounting for 41 genera = 70%), having mainly medium- and large-sized corallites. The most diverse coral assemblages are those that have been recorded from arid (Jamaica: 63 species, Mexico: 29 species), warm-temperate (the Netherlands-Belgium: 32 species) and tropical regions (Iran: 27 species). The occurrence of Cunnolites polymorphus (Goldfuss) is newly recorded for the Netherlands (southern Limburg). Compared to the microstructural composition of the coral fauna of the lowermost Cretaceous (Berriasian; 91% of the species and 83% of the genera belonged to previously established microstructural groups), in the Maastrichtian, corals belonging to previously established microstructural groups were of minor importance (genera = 26%; species = 29.3%). The majority of Maastrichtian scleractinian taxa (both solitary and colonial) from the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage in the southeast Netherlands and northeast Belgium are illustrated.