立即处理骨盆不稳定的稳定型患者。

IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS
Juan Ramón Cano, José Manuel Bogallo, Alicia Ramirez, Enrique Guerado
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对于病情稳定的患者来说,外伤性不稳定骨盆的诊断只是一个临时概念,这取决于我们何时接诊患者,因为所有出现失血性休克的患者在病情不稳定之前血液动力学都是稳定的。一般来说,骨盆骨折越不稳定,出血和血流动力学不稳定的风险就越高。因此,对于不稳定的骨盆骨折,血液动力学稳定应作为排除性诊断。对于稳定型患者的出血检测,立即进行一期造影剂增强 CT 扫描是合适的诊断检查;但是,由于 CT 扫描的辐射始终是个问题,对于那些血流动力学稳定的患者,如果有理由怀疑没有发生不安全的出血,则应考虑进行 X 光检查。骨盆骨折分类至关重要,因为损伤机制、骨折移位和血液动力学稳定性之间通常存在关联。前后位骨折,尤其是垂直位骨折更容易导致骨盆严重移位和出血。无论创伤机制如何,尽早使用骨盆固定器(包括院前处理)应成为高冲击力钝性创伤患者的标准配置。如果是开放性骨折,以及闭合性骨折,如果由于患者的全身状况而导致明确的骨合成时间延长,外固定是首选的稳定方法。如果可能,对不稳定的骨盆骨折立即进行经皮骶髂螺钉置入术,即使是开放性骨折也能取得很好的效果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Immediate management of a stable patient with unstable pelvis.

The diagnosis of a traumatic unstable pelvis in a stable patient is a temporary concept depending on when we see the patient, as all patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock have hemodynamic stability until they become unstable. As a rule, the more unstable the pelvic fracture is, the higher the risk of bleeding and hemodynamic instability it has. Therefore, in unstable pelvic fractures, hemodynamic stability should be a diagnosis by exclusion. For bleeding detection in stable patients, an immediate one-stage contrast-enhanced CT scan is the appropriate diagnosis test; however, since CT scan radiation is always an issue, X-rays should be considered in those cases of hemodynamically stable patients in whom there is a reasonable suspicion that no unsafe bleeding is going on. Pelvic fracture classification is essential as usually there is an association between the injury mechanism, the fracture displacement, and the hemodynamic stability. Anteroposterior and, particularly, vertical traumatisms have much more proclivity to provoke major pelvic displacement and bleeding. The use of a pelvic binder, as early as possible including pre-hospital management, should be standard in high-impact blunt trauma patients independently of the trauma mechanisms. External fixation is the preferred method of stabilization in case of open fractures, and, in closed ones, when the schedule for definite osteosynthesis prolongs because of the patient's general condition. If possible, immediate percutaneous sacroiliac screw insertion for unstable pelvic fractures produce excellent results even in open fractures.

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来源期刊
Efort Open Reviews
Efort Open Reviews Medicine-Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
2.90%
发文量
101
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: EFORT Open Reviews publishes high-quality instructional review articles across the whole field of orthopaedics and traumatology. Commissioned, peer-reviewed articles from international experts summarize current knowledge and practice in orthopaedics, with the aim of providing systematic coverage of the field. All articles undergo rigorous scientific editing to ensure the highest standards of accuracy and clarity. This continuously published online journal is fully open access and will provide integrated CME. It is an authoritative resource for educating trainees and supports practising orthopaedic surgeons in keeping informed about the latest clinical and scientific advances. One print issue containing a selection of papers from the journal will be published each year to coincide with the EFORT Annual Congress. EFORT Open Reviews is the official journal of the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (EFORT) and is published in partnership with The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.
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