无声的革命":自由时代(1861-1921 年)的学校改革与意大利教育中的性别差距

IF 1.5 1区 历史学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Gabriele Cappelli, Michelangelo Vasta
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文探讨了自由意大利(1871-1921 年)人力资本性别差距的演变。首先,我们表明意大利落后于法国、普鲁士和英国等更先进的国家约 50 年,性别识字率的地区差距在欧洲其他国家是无与伦比的。接下来,我们将检验 1911 年小学集中化的转变(达内奥-克雷达罗改革)是否给女性识字率带来了决定性的提高。我们利用全新的横截面微观(市镇)数据集,了解了 1911 年和 1921 年的识字率及其在 1911 年前后的潜在决定因素。这些数据与倾向得分匹配相结合,提高了识别率,结果表明小学中央化将女性识字率的年均增长率提高了 0.78 个百分点。因此,尽管改革并没有特别针对女童,但它带来了意想不到的后果,即女性的人力资本积累更加迅速,而且教育方面的性别差距也有所缩小。我们将简要讨论为什么这场 "无声革命 "可能会对意大利的经济史产生重要影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A “Silent Revolution”: school reforms and Italy’s educational gender gap in the Liberal Age (1861–1921)

This paper explores the evolution of the human capital gender gap in Liberal Italy (1871–1921). First, we show that Italy lagged some 50 years behind more advanced countries like France, Prussia and the UK, and that the regional divide in gendered literacy was unparalleled in the rest of Europe. Next, we test whether the shift to primary-school centralization in 1911 (the Daneo-Credaro Reform) brought about a decisive improvement in female literacy. We rely on a brand new, cross-sectional micro (municipal)-dataset of literacy rates in 1911 and 1921, as well as their potential determinants around 1911. Such data, combined with propensity score matching to improve identification, show that primary-school centralization increased the average annual growth of female literacy by 0.78 percentage points. Thus, even though the Reform did not aim at girls specifically, it brought about the unintended consequences of more rapid human capital accumulation for women and—ceteris paribus—a reduced educational gender gap. We briefly discuss why this “Silent Revolution” likely had important implications for Italy’s economic history.

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来源期刊
Cliometrica
Cliometrica Multiple-
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
18.80%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Cliometrica provides a leading forum for exchange of ideas and research in all facets, in all historical periods and in all geographical locations of historical economics. The journal encourages the methodological debate, the use of economic theory in general and model building in particular, the reliance upon quantification to buttress the models with historical data, the use of the more standard historical knowledge to broaden the understanding and suggesting new avenues of research, and the use of statistical theory and econometrics to combine models with data in a single consistent explanation. The highest standards of quality are promoted. All articles will be subject to Cliometrica''s peer review process. On occasion, specialised topics may be presented in a special issue. Officially cited as: Cliometrica
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