Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation: The Role of Pannexin 1

Abstract—

Pannexins are capable of forming in the cell membrane anion channels with relatively low conductivity, as well as channels with high nonspecific conductivity that can transport from the cytoplasm into the extracellular space not only inorganic ions but also low molecular weight metabolites with a molecular weight below 1 kDa, in particular ATP, glutamate, glutathione and others. Due to substantial differences in specificity and conductivity, pannexins are involved both in the normal physiological regulation of body functions and in a variety of pathological processes. The review examines the role of pannexin 1 (Panx1) in the occurrence and progression of pathologies of the central nervous system such as ischemia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and neuropathic pain. Blockade of Panx1 diminishes the negative consequences of pathological processes, indicating that Panx1 channels may be a promising therapeutic target for the pharmacological correction of brain disorders.