{"title":"相互作用原行星系统中的光度爆发","authors":"A. M. Skliarevskii, E. I. Vorobyov","doi":"10.1134/S1063772923120107","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>FU Orionis type objects (fuors) are characterized by rapid (tens to hundreds years) episodic outbursts, during which the luminosity increases by orders of magnitude. One of the possible causes of such events is a close encounter between stars and protoplanetary disks. Numerical simulations show that the fuor-like outburst ignition requires a very close encounter ranging from a few to a few tens of astronomical units. In contrast, the observed stellar objects in fuor binaries are usually hundreds of astronomical units apart. Simple mathematical estimates show that if such a close approach took place, the binary stellar components would have an unrealistic relative velocity, at least an order of magnitude greater than the observed velocity dispersion in young stellar clusters. Thus, the bursts are either triggered with a certain delay after passage of the periastron or their ignition does not necessary require a close encounter and hence the outburst is not caused by the primordial gravitational perturbation of the protoplanetary disk. In this work, an encounter of a star surrounded by a protoplanetary disk with a diskless external stellar object was modeled using numerical hydrodynamics simulations. We showed that even fly-bys with a relatively large periastron (at least 500 AU) can result in fuor-like outbursts. Moreover, the delay between the periastron passage and the burst ignition can reach several kyr. It was shown for the first time by means of numerical modeling that the perturbation of the disk caused by the external object can trigger a cascade process, which includes the development of the thermal instability in the innermost disk followed by the magneto-rotational instability ignition. Because of the sequential development of these instabilities, the rapid increase in the accretion rate occurs, resulting in the luminosity increase by more than two orders of magnitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":55440,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy Reports","volume":"67 12","pages":"1401 - 1417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Luminosity Outbursts in Interacting Protoplanetary Systems\",\"authors\":\"A. M. Skliarevskii, E. I. Vorobyov\",\"doi\":\"10.1134/S1063772923120107\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>FU Orionis type objects (fuors) are characterized by rapid (tens to hundreds years) episodic outbursts, during which the luminosity increases by orders of magnitude. One of the possible causes of such events is a close encounter between stars and protoplanetary disks. Numerical simulations show that the fuor-like outburst ignition requires a very close encounter ranging from a few to a few tens of astronomical units. In contrast, the observed stellar objects in fuor binaries are usually hundreds of astronomical units apart. Simple mathematical estimates show that if such a close approach took place, the binary stellar components would have an unrealistic relative velocity, at least an order of magnitude greater than the observed velocity dispersion in young stellar clusters. Thus, the bursts are either triggered with a certain delay after passage of the periastron or their ignition does not necessary require a close encounter and hence the outburst is not caused by the primordial gravitational perturbation of the protoplanetary disk. In this work, an encounter of a star surrounded by a protoplanetary disk with a diskless external stellar object was modeled using numerical hydrodynamics simulations. We showed that even fly-bys with a relatively large periastron (at least 500 AU) can result in fuor-like outbursts. Moreover, the delay between the periastron passage and the burst ignition can reach several kyr. It was shown for the first time by means of numerical modeling that the perturbation of the disk caused by the external object can trigger a cascade process, which includes the development of the thermal instability in the innermost disk followed by the magneto-rotational instability ignition. Because of the sequential development of these instabilities, the rapid increase in the accretion rate occurs, resulting in the luminosity increase by more than two orders of magnitude.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55440,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Astronomy Reports\",\"volume\":\"67 12\",\"pages\":\"1401 - 1417\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-02-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Astronomy Reports\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1063772923120107\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Astronomy Reports","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1063772923120107","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Luminosity Outbursts in Interacting Protoplanetary Systems
FU Orionis type objects (fuors) are characterized by rapid (tens to hundreds years) episodic outbursts, during which the luminosity increases by orders of magnitude. One of the possible causes of such events is a close encounter between stars and protoplanetary disks. Numerical simulations show that the fuor-like outburst ignition requires a very close encounter ranging from a few to a few tens of astronomical units. In contrast, the observed stellar objects in fuor binaries are usually hundreds of astronomical units apart. Simple mathematical estimates show that if such a close approach took place, the binary stellar components would have an unrealistic relative velocity, at least an order of magnitude greater than the observed velocity dispersion in young stellar clusters. Thus, the bursts are either triggered with a certain delay after passage of the periastron or their ignition does not necessary require a close encounter and hence the outburst is not caused by the primordial gravitational perturbation of the protoplanetary disk. In this work, an encounter of a star surrounded by a protoplanetary disk with a diskless external stellar object was modeled using numerical hydrodynamics simulations. We showed that even fly-bys with a relatively large periastron (at least 500 AU) can result in fuor-like outbursts. Moreover, the delay between the periastron passage and the burst ignition can reach several kyr. It was shown for the first time by means of numerical modeling that the perturbation of the disk caused by the external object can trigger a cascade process, which includes the development of the thermal instability in the innermost disk followed by the magneto-rotational instability ignition. Because of the sequential development of these instabilities, the rapid increase in the accretion rate occurs, resulting in the luminosity increase by more than two orders of magnitude.
期刊介绍:
Astronomy Reports is an international peer reviewed journal that publishes original papers on astronomical topics, including theoretical and observational astrophysics, physics of the Sun, planetary astrophysics, radio astronomy, stellar astronomy, celestial mechanics, and astronomy methods and instrumentation.