{"title":"女性胆固醇代谢的特殊方面。","authors":"Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Ulrich Laufs","doi":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0063","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases due to arteriosclerosis are the most common causes of death and disability in both men and women. Hypercholesterolemia, a treatable risk factor, is often detected after a delay in women, and then inadequately treated. It is, therefore, important to know the sex-specific aspects of cholesterol metabolism and to address them specifically.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a selective literature search in PubMed with particular attention to current guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the population as a whole, the age-associated rise in serum cholesterol levels occurs approximately 10 years later in women than in men. Women are exposed to a higher cholesterol load than men at the beginning of their lives, and especially after menopause. This is correlated with a later, but nonetheless clinically relevant rise in the incidence of myocardial infarction in older women. Because women's LDL cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) levels rise after menopause, their lipid profiles should be re-evaluated at this time. Moreover, conditions that are specific to women such as polycystic ovary syndrome, contraception, and especially the phases of life-such as planning to become pregnant, pregnancy, and breastfeeding-need to be considered for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Sex-specific differences and cholesterolassociated risks are particularly pronounced in women with familial hypercholesterolemia (prevalence 1:250).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lowering high cholesterol levels, especially in postmenopausal women, may prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11258,"journal":{"name":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","volume":" Forthcoming","pages":"401-406"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460260/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Special Aspects of Cholesterol Metabolism in Women.\",\"authors\":\"Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Ulrich Laufs\",\"doi\":\"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0063\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases due to arteriosclerosis are the most common causes of death and disability in both men and women. Hypercholesterolemia, a treatable risk factor, is often detected after a delay in women, and then inadequately treated. It is, therefore, important to know the sex-specific aspects of cholesterol metabolism and to address them specifically.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a selective literature search in PubMed with particular attention to current guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the population as a whole, the age-associated rise in serum cholesterol levels occurs approximately 10 years later in women than in men. Women are exposed to a higher cholesterol load than men at the beginning of their lives, and especially after menopause. This is correlated with a later, but nonetheless clinically relevant rise in the incidence of myocardial infarction in older women. Because women's LDL cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) levels rise after menopause, their lipid profiles should be re-evaluated at this time. Moreover, conditions that are specific to women such as polycystic ovary syndrome, contraception, and especially the phases of life-such as planning to become pregnant, pregnancy, and breastfeeding-need to be considered for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Sex-specific differences and cholesterolassociated risks are particularly pronounced in women with familial hypercholesterolemia (prevalence 1:250).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lowering high cholesterol levels, especially in postmenopausal women, may prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11258,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Deutsches Arzteblatt international\",\"volume\":\" Forthcoming\",\"pages\":\"401-406\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460260/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Deutsches Arzteblatt international\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0063\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0063","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Special Aspects of Cholesterol Metabolism in Women.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases due to arteriosclerosis are the most common causes of death and disability in both men and women. Hypercholesterolemia, a treatable risk factor, is often detected after a delay in women, and then inadequately treated. It is, therefore, important to know the sex-specific aspects of cholesterol metabolism and to address them specifically.
Methods: We conducted a selective literature search in PubMed with particular attention to current guidelines.
Results: In the population as a whole, the age-associated rise in serum cholesterol levels occurs approximately 10 years later in women than in men. Women are exposed to a higher cholesterol load than men at the beginning of their lives, and especially after menopause. This is correlated with a later, but nonetheless clinically relevant rise in the incidence of myocardial infarction in older women. Because women's LDL cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) levels rise after menopause, their lipid profiles should be re-evaluated at this time. Moreover, conditions that are specific to women such as polycystic ovary syndrome, contraception, and especially the phases of life-such as planning to become pregnant, pregnancy, and breastfeeding-need to be considered for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Sex-specific differences and cholesterolassociated risks are particularly pronounced in women with familial hypercholesterolemia (prevalence 1:250).
Conclusion: Lowering high cholesterol levels, especially in postmenopausal women, may prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.
期刊介绍:
Deutsches Ärzteblatt International is a bilingual (German and English) weekly online journal that focuses on clinical medicine and public health. It serves as the official publication for both the German Medical Association and the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians. The journal is dedicated to publishing independent, peer-reviewed articles that cover a wide range of clinical medicine disciplines. It also features editorials and a dedicated section for scientific discussion, known as correspondence.
The journal aims to provide valuable medical information to its international readership and offers insights into the German medical landscape. Since its launch in January 2008, Deutsches Ärzteblatt International has been recognized and included in several prestigious databases, which helps to ensure its content is accessible and credible to the global medical community. These databases include:
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By being indexed in these databases, Deutsches Ärzteblatt International's articles are made available to researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals worldwide, contributing to the global exchange of medical knowledge and research.