弗洛伊德在 "美杜莎之首 "中的诠释以及奥维德笔下美杜莎的另一些精神分析含义。

IF 1.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOANALYSIS
B J Sokol
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引用次数: 0

摘要

弗洛伊德在 1922 年发表的关于珀尔修斯斩杀美杜莎的简短论文中,最后明智地呼吁进一步研究这一传说的来源。现在,对这一传说的广泛解释是基于奥维德的《变形记》中对美杜莎传统的补充(通常没有得到承认)。本文认为,奥维德的这一创新常常被曲解,对《变形记》进行更仔细的解读,既不支持普遍认为美杜莎完全是复仇者的形象,也不支持弗洛伊德将美杜莎的斩首仅仅描绘成阉割的可怜而可怕的象征。相反,奥维德对涉及美杜莎、密涅瓦和珀尔修斯的神话的复杂处理,与克莱因对生育力的幻觉攻击,以及对死亡或受损婴儿体内复活的想象,呈现出相似之处。因此,弗洛伊德的 "美杜莎之首 "所设想的恐惧的被阉割的母性生殖器的 "向上移位",必须与赋予生命的母性生殖器的截然不同的 "向上移位 "并存。事实上,传统观点认为,美杜莎被斩首后会诞生一对生命力旺盛的双胞胎。再加上相关细节,这使得奥维德的杰作与修改或取代所谓 "性阳具一元论 "的理论不谋而合,有人认为弗洛伊德的性别发展理论就是受到了这种理论的玷污。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Freud's interpretation in "Medusa's Head" and some alternative psychoanalytic implications of Ovid's Medusa.

Freud's very brief 1922 paper on the beheading of Medusa by Perseus wisely concludes with a call for a further examination of the sources of the legend. A now widespread interpretation of this legend is based (often without acknowledgement) on an addition to traditions concerning Medusa made in Ovid's Metamorphoses. It is argued here that this Ovidian innovation has often been misinterpreted, and that a more careful reading of Metamorphoses supports neither a widely alleged exclusively vengeful portrayal of Medusa, nor Freud's portrayal of Medusa's decapitation as solely a pitiable and terrible symbol of castration. Instead, Ovid's complex treatments of myths involving Medusa, Minerva and Perseus present parallels with Kleinian insights into phantasy attacks on fecundity, and into imagined revivals of dead or damaged inside babies. Thus the "displacement upwards" of the fearful castrated maternal genital envisioned in Freud's "Medusa's Head" must stand beside a quite different "displacement upwards" of the life-giving maternal genital. Indeed, tradition holds that Medusa's beheading gives rise to the birth of vigorous twins. Together with allied details, this aligns Ovid's masterwork with theories that modify or displace the so-called "sexual phallic monism" that some believe taints Freud's theories of gender development.

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来源期刊
International Journal of Psychoanalysis
International Journal of Psychoanalysis PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOANALYSIS-
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
16.70%
发文量
85
期刊介绍: It is the only psychoanalytic journal regularly publishing extensive contributions by authors throughout the world - facilitated by a system of international editorial boards and the policy of allowing submission and review in all main European languages, followed by translation of accepted papers at the Journal"s expense. We publish contributions on Methodology, Psychoanalytic Theory & Technique, The History of Psychoanalysis, Clinical Contributions, Research and Life-Cycle Development, Education & Professional Issues, Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, and Interdisciplinary Studies. The Journal also publishes the main papers and panel reports from the International Psychoanalytical Association"s Congresses, book reviews, obituaries, and correspondence.
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