调节体液和电解质平衡

IF 0.2 Q4 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.mpaic.2024.03.007

Alexander Hunt, Ahmed Essa, Ross Macnab

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引用次数: 0

摘要

充分的组织灌注和细胞功能分别取决于有效循环容量和血清渗透压的维持。钠是细胞外的主要阳离子，不能自由穿过细胞膜，因此对细胞外液渗透压的影响最大。细胞外液（ECF）容量的增减与周围渗透压无关，这表明血浆渗透压和容量的控制是通过不同的生理过程进行的。钠平衡失调会对渗透压产生影响，这主要是由于水平衡紊乱所致，而非钠摄入或排泄异常。

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Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance

Adequate tissue perfusion and cellular function is dependent on the maintenance of effective circulatory volume and serum osmolality, respectively. As sodium is the principal extracellular cation with the inability to pass freely across the cellular membrane, it therefore has the greatest effect on extracellular fluid osmolality. The extracellular fluid (ECF) volume can increase or decrease independent of the surrounding osmolality indicating that control of plasma osmolality and volume occur through distinct physiological processes. Disorders in sodium balance with consequent effect on osmolality come about mainly due to disturbances in water homeostasis rather than an abnormality of sodium intake or excretion.

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来源期刊

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine ANESTHESIOLOGY-

CiteScore

0.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

152

期刊介绍： Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, an invaluable source of up-to-date information, with the curriculum of both the Primary and Final FRCA examinations covered over a three-year cycle. Published monthly this ever-updating text book will be an invaluable source for both trainee and experienced anaesthetists. The enthusiastic editorial board, under the guidance of two eminent and experienced series editors, ensures Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine covers all the key topics in a comprehensive and authoritative manner. Articles now include learning objectives and eash issue features MCQs, facilitating self-directed learning and enabling readers at all levels to test their knowledge. Each issue is divided between basic scientific and clinical sections. The basic science articles include anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, physics and clinical measurement, while the clinical sections cover anaesthetic agents and techniques, assessment and perioperative management. Further sections cover audit, trials, statistics, ethical and legal medicine, and the management of acute and chronic pain.