Irene Castellan, Claire Duménil, Guillermo Rehermann, Daniela Eisenstecken, Flavia Bianchi, Peter Robatscher, Urban Spitaler, Riccardo Favaro, Silvia Schmidt, Paul G. Becher, Sergio Angeli
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The volatile profile of <i>C</i>. <i>santaluciae</i> was described for the first time. Behavioural experiments identified <i>H. uvarum</i> and <i>S. vini</i> as the most attractive yeasts. The characterization of yeast headspace volatiles using direct headspace (DHS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) revealed several strain-specific compounds. With DHS injection, 19 volatiles were characterised, while SPME revealed 71 compounds constituting the yeast headspace. Both analyses revealed terpenoids including β-ocimene, citronellol, (<i>Z</i>)-geraniol (nerol), and geranial as distinct constituents of <i>S. vini</i>. <i>H. uvarum</i> and <i>S. vini</i> were further investigated using closed-loop stripping analysis (CSLA) and electroantennography. Out of 14 compounds quantified by CSLA, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, β-myrcene, benzaldehyde and linalool were detected by <i>D. suzukii</i> antennae and might generate the strong attractiveness of <i>S. vini</i> and <i>H. uvarum.</i> Our results highlight a strong attraction of <i>D. suzukii</i> to various yeasts associated with both the flies and their habitat and demonstrate how different sampling methods can impact the results of volatile compound characterization. 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The characterization of yeast headspace volatiles using direct headspace (DHS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) revealed several strain-specific compounds. With DHS injection, 19 volatiles were characterised, while SPME revealed 71 compounds constituting the yeast headspace. Both analyses revealed terpenoids including β-ocimene, citronellol, (<i>Z</i>)-geraniol (nerol), and geranial as distinct constituents of <i>S. vini</i>. <i>H. uvarum</i> and <i>S. vini</i> were further investigated using closed-loop stripping analysis (CSLA) and electroantennography. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
使用杀虫剂对铃木果蝇(双翅目:果蝇科)进行化学防治尤其具有挑战性,因为这种昆虫会在收获前不久攻击成熟的果实。另一种策略可能是使用酵母作为诱食剂和诱饵,在树冠上施用诱杀制剂。这项研究的目的是从六种酵母中找出对铃虫最有吸引力的一种:Saccharomyces cerevisiae、Hanseniaspora uvarum、Clavispora santaluciae、Saccharomycopsis vini、Issatchenkia terricola 和 Metschnikowia pulcherrima。首次描述了 C. santaluciae 的挥发性特征。行为实验确定 H. uvarum 和 S. vini 是最有吸引力的酵母菌。利用直接顶空(DHS)和固相微萃取(SPME)对酵母顶空挥发物进行表征,发现了几种菌株特有的化合物。通过 DHS 注入,对 19 种挥发物进行了表征,而 SPME 则揭示了构成酵母顶空的 71 种化合物。这两项分析都揭示了萜类化合物,包括 β-柠檬烯、香茅醇、(Z)-橙花醇(橙花醇)和香叶醛,它们是维尼酵母的独特成分。使用闭环剥离分析法(CSLA)和电触觉分析法对 H. uvarum 和 S. vini 进行了进一步研究。在 CSLA 定量分析的 14 种化合物中,铃兰触角检测到了乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、β-月桂烯、苯甲醛和芳樟醇,它们可能会产生 S. vini 和 H. uvarum 的强烈吸引力。我们的研究结果突显了 D. suzukii 对与苍蝇及其栖息地相关的各种酵母菌的强烈吸引力,并证明了不同的取样方法会如何影响挥发性化合物表征的结果。这种独特的吸引力是否基于对某些酵母菌的特殊适应性,以及在多大程度上导致吸引力的代谢物是可以互换的,这些都有待证明。
Chemical and Electrophysiological Characterisation of Headspace Volatiles from Yeasts Attractive to Drosophila suzukii
Chemical control of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) based on the use of insecticides is particularly challenging as the insect attacks ripening fruits shortly before harvest. An alternative strategy may rely on the use of yeasts as phagostimulants and baits, applied on canopy as attract-and-kill formulations. The aim of this research was to identify the most attractive among six yeast species for D. suzukii: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Clavispora santaluciae, Saccharomycopsis vini, Issatchenkia terricola, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. The volatile profile of C. santaluciae was described for the first time. Behavioural experiments identified H. uvarum and S. vini as the most attractive yeasts. The characterization of yeast headspace volatiles using direct headspace (DHS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) revealed several strain-specific compounds. With DHS injection, 19 volatiles were characterised, while SPME revealed 71 compounds constituting the yeast headspace. Both analyses revealed terpenoids including β-ocimene, citronellol, (Z)-geraniol (nerol), and geranial as distinct constituents of S. vini. H. uvarum and S. vini were further investigated using closed-loop stripping analysis (CSLA) and electroantennography. Out of 14 compounds quantified by CSLA, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, β-myrcene, benzaldehyde and linalool were detected by D. suzukii antennae and might generate the strong attractiveness of S. vini and H. uvarum. Our results highlight a strong attraction of D. suzukii to various yeasts associated with both the flies and their habitat and demonstrate how different sampling methods can impact the results of volatile compound characterization. It remains to be demonstrated whether the distinct attraction is based on special adaptations to certain yeasts and to what extent the metabolites causing attraction are interchangeable.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Chemical Ecology is devoted to promoting an ecological understanding of the origin, function, and significance of natural chemicals that mediate interactions within and between organisms. Such relationships, often adaptively important, comprise the oldest of communication systems in terrestrial and aquatic environments. With recent advances in methodology for elucidating structures of the chemical compounds involved, a strong interdisciplinary association has developed between chemists and biologists which should accelerate understanding of these interactions in nature.
Scientific contributions, including review articles, are welcome from either members or nonmembers of the International Society of Chemical Ecology. Manuscripts must be in English and may include original research in biological and/or chemical aspects of chemical ecology. They may include substantive observations of interactions in nature, the elucidation of the chemical compounds involved, the mechanisms of their production and reception, and the translation of such basic information into survey and control protocols. Sufficient biological and chemical detail should be given to substantiate conclusions and to permit results to be evaluated and reproduced.