Vorticity Convergence from Boltzmann to 2D Incompressible Euler Equations Below Yudovich Class

SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, Volume 56, Issue 3, Page 3144-3202, June 2024.
Abstract. It is challenging to perform a multiscale analysis of mesoscopic systems exhibiting singularities at the macroscopic scale. In this paper, we study the hydrodynamic limit of the Boltzmann equation [math] toward the singular solutions of 2D incompressible Euler equations whose vorticity is unbounded: [math]. We obtain a microscopic description of the singularity through the so-called kinetic vorticity and understand its behavior in the vicinity of the macroscopic singularity. As a consequence of our new analysis, we settle affirmatively an open problem of convergence toward Lagrangian solutions of the 2D incompressible Euler equation whose vorticity is unbounded ([math] for any fixed [math]). Moreover, we prove the convergence of kinetic vorticities toward the vorticity of the Lagrangian solution of the Euler equation. In particular, we obtain the rate of convergence when the vorticity blows up moderately in [math] as [math] (a localized Yudovich class).