The artificial production of viral-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana suggests the pro-assembly role of the Cannabis cryptic virus RdRP

The partitivirids feature an icosahedral protein coating accommodating both their dsRNA genome and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). This signifies that transcription and replication activities of the viral polymerase occur within the capsid, emphasizing that the viral cycle relies on polymerase incorporation. Particles lacking RdRP are defective and hence non-infectious. Encapsidation and replication are intricately linked for dsRNA viruses, to the extent that, for many of these, such as the cystovirids, the RdRP serves a dual role as a transcriptase/replicase and a pro-assembly factor, ensuring structural stability and overall capsid integrity. This work investigates if RdRP has a similar role within the capsid of Cannabis cryptic virus (CanCV), a betapartitivirus affecting Cannabis sativa. Utilizing reverse genetics in Nicotiana benthamiana, we conclusively established that RdRP expression is indispensable for CanCV’s virus-like particle formation. This study enhances our understanding of CanCV encapsidation, with RdRP serving a pivotal role as a pro-assembly factor. These preliminary findings contribute to the knowledge of viral assembly within the Partitiviridae family.