Petrochronology of the Dom Feliciano Belt foreland in southernmost Brazil reveals two distinct tectonometamorphic events in the western central Kaoko–Dom Feliciano–Gariep orogen

The Dom Feliciano Belt is the South American part of an extensive Neoproterozoic orogenic system that developed during the late Cryogenian–early Cambrian close to the margin of southwest Gondwana. The link of its evolution with the tectonic processes in its African counterpart is still not well understood. P–T estimates, Lu–Hf garnet–whole-rock ages, U–Pb monazite SIMS ages and REE garnet and monazite data from samples of the Porongos and Passo Feio complexes indicate diachronous tectonic evolution of the central Dom Feliciano Belt foreland. Metasedimentary rocks of the eastern Porongos Complex reached previously estimated metamorphic peak conditions of ~ 560–580 °C and 5.8–6.3 kbar at 654 ± 2 Ma, based on Lu–Hf isochron garnet–whole-rock age data. This episode represents an early orogenic thickening in the foreland as a response to the beginning of the transpressive convergent evolution of the belt. The monazite age of 614 ± 6 Ma (U–Pb SIMS) is interpreted as associated with post-exhumation magmatic activity in the foreland and suggests that the eastern Porongos Complex was exhumed sometime between ca. 660 and 615 Ma. The main metamorphic and deformation event in the Porongos Complex’s western region occurred at ~ 545–565 °C and 4.3–5.3 kbar at 563 ± 1 Ma (garnet–whole-rock Lu–Hf isochron age). The exhumation of this part of the foreland is dated using monazite crystallising during garnet breakdown and suggests retrograde metamorphism at 541 ± 7 Ma (U–Pb SIMS). The main metamorphic fabric in the Passo Feio Complex further to the west developed at 571 ± 2 Ma (garnet–whole-rock Lu–Hf isochron age) at 560–580 °C and 4.7–6.4 kbar. The western part of the Porongos Complex and the Passo Feio Complex have deformed at similar P–T conditions and apparent geothermal gradients at ca. 570–565 Ma. These regions record a second crustal thickening event in the Dom Feliciano Belt foreland and the orogenic front migration towards the west as a response to the onset of crustal thickening on the African side of this long-lived transpressive orogenic system.

Graphical abstract