Impact of a diet rich in carbohydrates, fats, and fructose on insulin resistance development

Background: Insulin resistance can be caused by carbohydrates, fats, and fructose. Insulin resistance is defined as a decrease in insulin's ability to stimulate the use of glucose for distribution to other parts of the body or a decrease in organ/cell response (fat tissue, liver, and muscle) to insulin. Aim: The goal of this study is to see how different diets high in fat, carbohydrates, and fructose affect the incidence of insulin resistance. Methods: The study was conducted for 60 days and used 24 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain aged two months with 180-200 grams body weight. They were divided into four groups, namely the normal group, the high-carbohydrate-fat (CF) diet group, the Carbohydrate-Fat-Fructose (CFF) and the Carbohydrate-fat-Fructose-Drink (CFFD) diet group. Blood glucose levels, the oral glucose tolerance test (ITT), and histological features of pancreatic beta cells were all measured. Results: The CFF group had the highest blood glucose level of 111.25 mg/dl and the highest insulin resistance with an ITT value of 2.81, while the CF group had pancreatic beta cell (β) necrosis. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the CFF group had insulin resistance, while the CF group had pancreatic beta cell necrosis.