青春期的积极情绪与成年后的健康和幸福：全结果纵向方法

IF 15.8 1区医学 Q1 Medicine

PLoS Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004365

Eric S Kim, R. Wilkinson, S. Okuzono, Ying Chen, K. Shiba, R. Cowden, T. VanderWeele

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景一些政府间组织，包括世界卫生组织和联合国，正在敦促各国利用福祉指标进行决策。这一趋势，加上越来越多的人认识到积极情感有利于健康/幸福，为干预积极情感以改善结果开辟了新的途径。然而，青少年时期的积极情绪是否会影响成年后的健康/福祉，目前仍不清楚。我们研究了青春期积极情绪的增加是否与成年后更好的健康/福祉相关，共涉及 41 项结果。方法和研究结果我们利用 Add Health 的数据进行了一项纵向队列研究--Add Health 是一项对居住在社区的美国青少年进行的具有全国代表性的前瞻性队列研究。通过回归模型，我们评估了一年内积极情绪的增加（第一波，1994 年至 1995 年和第二波，1995 年至 1996 年之间）是否与 11.37 年后（第四波，2008 年；N = 11,040 人）或 20.64 年后（第五波，2016 年至 2018 年；N = 9,003 人）更好的健康/福祉相关。参与者在研究开始时的年龄为 15.28 岁，在最终评估时的年龄为 28.17 岁或 37.20 岁。较低的焦虑（RR = 0-81，CI = 0-71，0-93，p = 0.003）），2 个（共 3 个）心理健康结果（例如，较高的乐观度（β = 0-20，95% CI = 0-12，0-28，p < 0.001）），4 个（共 7 个）社会结果（例如，较低的孤独感（β = 0-80，CI = 0-66，0-98，p = 0.029））、降低孤独感（β = -0-09，95% CI = -0-16，-0-02，p = 0.015）），以及 1 项（共 2 项）公民/前社会结果（例如，更多投票（RR = 1-25，95% CI = 1-16，1-36，p < 0.001））。研究的局限性包括潜在的未测量混杂因素和反向因果关系。结论青少年时期积极情绪的增强与成年后一系列健康/福利状况的改善有关。这些研究结果表明，有希望对可扩展的积极情感干预措施和政策进行测试，以更明确地评估其对结果的影响。

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Positive affect during adolescence and health and well-being in adulthood: An outcome-wide longitudinal approach

Background Several intergovernmental organizations, including the World Health Organization and United Nations, are urging countries to use well-being indicators for policymaking. This trend, coupled with increasing recognition that positive affect is beneficial for health/well-being, opens new avenues for intervening on positive affect to improve outcomes. However, it remains unclear if positive affect in adolescence shapes health/well-being in adulthood. We examined if increases in positive affect during adolescence were associated with better health/well-being in adulthood across 41 outcomes. Methods and findings We conducted a longitudinal cohort study using data from Add Health—a prospective and nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling U.S. adolescents. Using regression models, we evaluated if increases in positive affect over 1 year (between Wave I; 1994 to 1995 and Wave II; 1995 to 1996) were associated with better health/well-being 11.37 years later (in Wave IV; 2008; N = 11,040) or 20.64 years later (in Wave V; 2016 to 2018; N = 9,003). Participants were aged 15.28 years at study onset, and aged 28.17 or 37.20 years—during the final assessment. Participants with the highest (versus lowest) positive affect had better outcomes on 3 (of 13) physical health outcomes (e.g., higher cognition (β = 0·12, 95% CI = 0·05, 0·19, p = 0.002)), 3 (of 9) health behavior outcomes (e.g., lower physical inactivity (RR = 0·80, CI = 0·66, 0·98, p = 0.029)), 6 (of 7) mental health outcomes (e.g., lower anxiety (RR = 0·81, CI = 0·71, 0·93, p = 0.003)), 2 (of 3) psychological well-being (e.g., higher optimism (β = 0·20, 95% CI = 0·12, 0·28, p < 0.001)), 4 (of 7) social outcomes (e.g., lower loneliness (β = −0·09, 95% CI = −0·16, −0·02, p = 0.015)), and 1 (of 2) civic/prosocial outcomes (e.g., more voting (RR = 1·25, 95% CI = 1·16, 1·36, p < 0.001)). Study limitations include potential unmeasured confounding and reverse causality. Conclusions Enhanced positive affect during adolescence is linked with a range of improved health/well-being outcomes in adulthood. These findings suggest the promise of testing scalable positive affect interventions and policies to more definitively assess their impact on outcomes.

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来源期刊

PLoS Medicine MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-

CiteScore

17.60

自引率

0.60%

发文量

227

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

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