Aligned Magnetohydrodynamics and Thermal Radiation Effects on Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids Over Vertical Plate with Nanoparticles Shape Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms

Nowadays, challenges in development of heat transfer for various engineering fields including heat exchangers, electronics, chemical and bio-industry and others are crucial. Ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNF) as a new heat transfer liquids can be considered as effective medium for increment of heat and energy transport. In the case of THNF when three nanoparticles are added in the based fluid to enhance the transport processes. Dissimilar to the nanofluids (NF) and hybrid nanofluids (HNF) model that considers two types of nanoparticles, this studied consider the three types of nanoparticles in this work which are Aluminium Oxide (AI2O3), Copper (Cu), and Carbon Nanotube (CNT) with different shapes containing gyrotactic microorganisms. The objective is to find the effect of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and radiation to the steady of THNF flow past the vertical plate. The mathematical model has been formulated based on a combination Tiwari-Das and Buongiorno nanofluids model. The governing flow and heat transfer equations are simplified to the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the adaptation of conventional similarity transformations which are then evaluated by the bvp4c solver (MATLAB) to generate the numerical solutions. The solutions are visually represented through graphs and table to be easily observed. The results indicated that the effect of magnetic field parameter decrease the velocity and contrary in concentration, and microorganism profile while the temperature is increased in magnetic but contrary in radiation parameter . The concentration and density microorganism of THNF is increase with higher value in and but decrease in velocity and temperature. The spherical nanoparticle shape has a higher density, causing the skin friction of THNF to be lower compared to NF and HNF.