腔体预调谐对注入大型强子对撞机的射频功率瞬态的影响

B. E. Karlsen-Baeck, T. Argyropoulos, A. Butterworth, R. Calaga, I. Karpov, H. Timko, M. Zampetakis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在注入大型强子对撞机(LHC)时,射频(RF)系统会受到束流诱导电压的扰动,从而产生强大的瞬时射频功率,并导致腔体瞬间失谐。然而,自动调谐系统需要时间对共振频率进行机械补偿。射频功率的瞬态会反作用于光束,产生不可接受的光束损耗,从而限制最大注入强度。因此,在高亮度(HL)大型强子对撞机时代,降低瞬态射频功率对达到目标强度至关重要。在大型强子对撞机平底阶段,腔体采用半调谐光束加载补偿方案。按照目前的实施方式,调谐器控制算法仅在注入第一个较长束流序列后才开始起作用,这导致注入的束流经历最大的功率峰值。本文提出了一种在注入前对射频腔进行调整的失谐方案。该方案可减少瞬变,从而增加射频功率的可用强度裕量。在粒子跟踪模拟和运行期间的测量中对预期增益进行了评估。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effects of cavity pre-detuning on RF power transients at injection into the LHC
At injection into the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the radio frequency (RF) system is perturbed by beam-induced voltage resulting in strong RF power transients and the instant detuning of the cavities. The automatic tuning system, however, needs time for the mechanical compensation of the resonance frequency to take place. Acting back on the beam, the transients in RF power are expected to limit the maximum injected intensity by generating unacceptable beam loss. Reducing them is therefore essential to reach the target intensity during the High Luminosity (HL) LHC era. At LHC flat bottom, the cavities are operated using the half-detuning beam-loading compensation scheme. As implemented today, the tuner control algorithm starts acting only after the injection of the first longer bunch train which causes the bunches for this injection to experience the largest power spikes. This contribution presents an adapted detuning scheme for the RF cavities before injection. It was proposed as a path to decrease the transients, hence increasing the available intensity margin for the available RF power. The expected gain is evaluated in particle tracking simulations and measurements acquired during operation.
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