释放废物能源:加纳城市固体废物回收潜力综合分析

WORLD Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.3390/world5020011
Abdul-Wahab Tahiru, S. Cobbina, W. Asare, Silas Uwumborge Takal
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引用次数: 0

摘要

加纳目前正面临着一场废物危机,给环境、经济和公众健康带来了相当大的风险。这项调查评估了四种潜在的废物变能源方案,即焚烧、厌氧消化、气化和垃圾填埋气,目的是为有效的废物管理制定可持续战略。在这些解决方案中,厌氧发醇是一种优越的选择,它可以生产可再生能源,创造有价值的生物产品,而且温室气体排放效应相对较低。成本分析进一步表明,利用厌氧消化产生的沼气不仅环保,而且在经济上也比依赖轻质原油更为可行。利用沼气生产 200 兆瓦能源的成本要低 36%,每月可为加纳节省 546 万美元。然而,一些障碍阻碍了 WtE 的发展。不准确的废物数据和缺乏明确的废物变能源政策阻碍了加纳废物变能源潜力的发挥。为解决这一问题,该研究建议:(1)实施明确的国家战略,并制定法规和激励措施以吸引投资;(2)开展专门研究,针对加纳独特的废物成分和环境优化 WtE 技术。通过克服这些挑战,加纳已准备好确保未来的可持续发展,同时实现可持续发展目标 7 和 11 的具体目标。这就需要确保人人都能获得负担得起、可靠、可持续的现代能源(可持续发展目标 7),并建设包容、安全、有韧性和可持续的城市和人类住区(可持续发展目标 11)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Unlocking Energy from Waste: A Comprehensive Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Recovery Potential in Ghana
Ghana is currently facing a waste crisis that presents considerable risks to its environment, economy, and public health. This investigation evaluates four prospective waste-to-energy options—namely, incineration, anaerobic digestion, gasification, and landfill gas—with the objective of mapping out a sustainable strategy for efficient waste management. Among these solutions, anaerobic digestion stands out as a superior option, offering renewable energy production, valuable bio-product creation, and a comparatively lower greenhouse gas emission effect. A cost analysis further reveals that utilizing biogas from anaerobic digestion is not only environmentally friendly but also economically more viable than relying on light crude oil. Producing 200 MW of energy using biogas costs 36% less, potentially resulting in monthly savings of USD 5.46 million for Ghana. However, several obstacles impede the development of WtE. Inaccurate waste data and a lack of clear policies on waste-to-energy hinder the harnessing of Ghana’s WtE potential. To address this, the study recommends (1) implementing a well-defined national strategy complete with regulations and incentives to attract investments and (2) conducting specialized research to optimize WtE technologies for Ghana’s unique waste composition and context. By surmounting these challenges, Ghana stands poised to secure a sustainable future, simultaneously meeting the targets of Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 11. This entails ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all (SDG 7) and fostering inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities and human settlements (SDG 11).
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