Techno-Economic and Sustainable Challenges for EV Adoption in India: Analysis of the Impact of EV Usage Patterns and Policy Recommendations for Facilitating Seamless Integration

This paper explores the intricate challenges that are impeding the widespread adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and explores the concerted efforts of the research community towards addressing these obstacles. The surge in interest surrounding EVs as a sustainable transportation alternative is undeniable, yet several hurdles persist in hindering their mass acceptance. From limitations in battery technology and charging infrastructure to concerns over range anxiety and manufacturing sustainability, these challenges form a multifaceted barrier. However, the research community has been actively engaged in tackling each issue with innovative solutions. Advancements in battery chemistry and energy storage, coupled with improvements in charging networks and smart grid integration, are poised to reshape the EV landscape. Moreover, studies on user behavior, public policy, and lifecycle analysis are contributing to the development of holistic strategies for enhancing EV adoption. By delving into these challenges and the ongoing research endeavors, this paper sheds light on the evolving pathway towards a future where EVs can thrive as a mainstream mode of transportation. Also, an analysis is conducted to evaluate the economic viability of EVs based on daily range considerations, with the objective of determining which category of users would benefit most from adopting EVs. Furthermore, policies are proposed that are aimed at establishing a harmonious and balanced EV ecosystem.