阿富汗赫拉特和伊朗 Torbat Heydarieh 生产的藏红花（Crocus sativus L.）的质量参数比较

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Advances in horticultural science Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI:10.36253/ahsc-14920

R. Nazarian, Mehdi Nasiri Mahalati, H. Sahabi, H. Feizi

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引用次数: 0

摘要

藏红花 Crocus sativus L.（鸢尾科）是世界上最珍贵、最昂贵的药用植物之一。为了比较阿富汗和伊朗藏红花的质量特性，我们于 2021 年从赫拉特省（阿富汗）和 Torbat Heydarieh 县（伊朗）的不同藏红花产区采集了干藏红花样品。实验采用 GLM 格式和嵌套法进行分析，三次重复。对阿富汗赫拉特省 Injil、Karukh、Guzara、Pashtun Zarghun、Zendeh Jan、Ghoryan、Obeh 等 7 个不同地区和伊朗 Torbat Heydarieh 县的 9 个藏红花生产村（Fakhrabad、Kadkan、Nasar、Ghaleno、Feizabad、Khorgh、Abrood、Benhang、Shadmehr）生产的藏红花样品进行了研究。结果表明，国家和地区（县和村）对藏红花品质特征（藏红花苷、小红花苷和黄花苷）的影响是显著的。此外，平均值的比较表明，在 Torbat Heydarieh 的不同调查村庄中，藏红花的质量特征存在着显著差异。在阿富汗生产的藏红花样品中，藏红花苷（平均 279.1 ɷ 440 纳米）和小藏红花苷（平均 101 ϕ 257 纳米）的含量最高，而在伊朗生产的藏红花样品中，藏红花醛（平均 34.2 θ 330 纳米）的含量最高。Zendeh Jan Herat 地区 5 号藏红花的上述品质特征含量最高（Af5，藏红花苷：303 ɷ 440 nm，小红花苷：106 ϕ 257 nm，黄花醛：33 θ 330 nm），而 Torbat Heydarieh 地区 5 个村庄的藏红花品质最低（Ir5，藏红花苷：164 ɷ 440 nm，小红花苷：71 ϕ 257 nm，黄花醛：34 θ 330 nm）。在对阿富汗和伊朗藏红花产区进行的综合分析中，从质量属性（藏红花苷、小红花苷和黄法兰）来看，阿富汗赫拉特的 1 至 6 号产区（Af1、Af2、Af3、Af4、Af5、Af6）和伊朗 Torbat Heidarieh 的 Abrood 村（Ir7）显然形成了一个独特的集群，与其他产区相比质量更优。此外，除 Torbat Heydarieh 的 Feizabad 村（Ir5）外，所有受检样品都超过了藏红花国际标准化组织的国际标准，被归类为一级品质。阿富汗赫拉特藏红花的卓越品质可能归功于其独特的地理特征、处女地以及不同种植区的特定气候条件。

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Comparison quality parameters of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) produced in Herat, Afghanistan and Torbat Heydarieh, Iran

Saffron Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) is one of the most valuable and expensive medicinal plants in the world. In order to compare the quality characteristics of saffron in Afghanistan and Iran, samples of dried C. sativus from different saffron-producing regions of Herat province (Afghanistan) and Torbat Heydarieh county (Iran) were collected in the year 2021. The experiment was analyzed in GLM format and Nested method with three replications. The samples of saffron produced from seven different districts of Herat province in Afghanistan, including Injil, Karukh, Guzara, Pashtun Zarghun, Zendeh Jan, Ghoryan, Obeh and nine saffron-producing villages (Fakhrabad, Kadkan, Nasar, Ghaleno, Feizabad, Khorgh, Abrood, Benhang, Shadmehr) of Torbat Heydarieh county in Iran were examined. The results showed that the effect of country and region (districts and villages) on the quality traits of saffron (crocin, picrocrocin and safranal) was significant. Moreover, the comparison of the mean values indicated the presence of significant differences in the qualitative characteristics of saffron among the different investigated villages of Torbat Heydarieh. The saffron produced in Afghanistan had the highest amount of crocin (on average 279.1 ɷ 440nm) and picrocrocin (on average 101 ϕ 257nm), while the highest value of safranal (on average 34.2 θ 330nm) was observed in saffron samples produced in Iran. The highest amount of the above quality traits belonged to the saffron of Zendeh Jan Herat region 5 (Af5, crocin: 303 ɷ 440 nm, picrocrocin: 106 ϕ 257 nm, safranal: 33 θ 330 nm), while the five Torbat Heydarieh villages had the lowest quality of saffron (Ir5, crocin: 164 ɷ 440nm, picrocrocin: 71 ϕ 257 nm, safranal: 34 θ 330 nm). In the comprehensive analysis of saffron-producing regions in Afghanistan and Iran, in terms of the qualitative attributes (crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal) it was evident that regions 1 to 6 in Herat, Afghanistan (Af1, Af2, Af3, Af4, Af5, Af6) and the Abrood village of Torbat Heidarieh, Iran (Ir7) formed a distinct cluster, demonstrating superior quality compared to other regions. Furthermore, with the exception of the Feizabad village of Torbat Heydarieh (Ir5), all examined samples surpassed the saffron ISO international standard and were categorized as first-grade quality. The exceptional quality of Herat saffron from Afghanistan is likely attributable to the unique geographical features, virgin lands, and specific climatic conditions across diverse cultivation areas.

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来源期刊

Advances in horticultural science Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Horticulture

CiteScore

1.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Advances in Horticultural Science aims to provide a forum for original investigations in horticulture, viticulture and oliviculture. The journal publishes fully refereed papers which cover applied and theoretical approaches to the most recent studies of all areas of horticulture - fruit growing, vegetable growing, viticulture, floriculture, medicinal plants, ornamental gardening, garden and landscape architecture, in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions. Papers on horticultural aspects of agronomic, breeding, biotechnology, entomology, irrigation and plant stress physiology, plant nutrition, plant protection, plant pathology, and pre and post harvest physiology, are also welcomed. The journal scope is the promotion of a sustainable increase of the quantity and quality of horticultural products and the transfer of the new knowledge in the field. Papers should report original research, should be methodologically sound and of relevance to the international scientific community. AHS publishes three types of manuscripts: Full-length - short note - review papers. Papers are published in English.