气候变化相关环境危害引起的免疫介导疾病:缓解与适应

I. Agache, C. Akdis, M. Akdiş, Ali Al-Hemoud, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, John Balmes, Lorenzo Cecchi, Athanasios Damialis, T. Haahtela, Adam L. Haber, Jaime E. Hart, Marek Jutel, Yasutaka Mitamura, B. Mmbaga, Jae-Won Oh, Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh, R. Pawankar, M. Prunicki, Harald Renz, Mary B. Rice, Nelson Augusto Rosario Filho, V. Sampath, C. Skevaki, Francis Thien, C. Traidl‐Hoffmann, G. Wong, Kari C. Nadeau
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引用次数: 3

摘要

全球变暖和气候变化增加了花粉的负担以及野火、沙尘暴、雷暴和热浪的频率和强度--空气污染、热应力和洪水也随之增加。这些环境压力改变了人类的暴露体,引发了复杂的免疫反应。与此同时,污染物、过敏原和其他环境因素增加了皮肤和粘膜屏障破坏和微生物菌群失调的风险,而生物多样性的丧失和接触微生物多样性的机会减少则损害了耐受性免疫发育。由此导致的免疫失调是哮喘和其他过敏性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和癌症等免疫介导疾病增加的原因。现在非常清楚的是,迫切需要以 "行星健康 "和 "一体健康 "方法(考虑到人类健康对环境和自然生态系统的依赖)为基础,开展多部门、多学科和跨国界的努力,以适应和减缓气候变化的影响。关键行动包括减少排放和改善空气质量(通过减少化石燃料的使用)、提供安全住房(如改善耐候性)、改善饮食(即质量和多样性)和农业实践,以及增加环境生物多样性和绿地。此外,还迫切需要开展多学科合作研究,以更好地了解气候变化背景下免疫疾病的病理生理学。应利用新的数据科学技术、生物标志物和经济模型来衡量气候变化对免疫健康和疾病的影响,为减缓和适应工作提供信息,并评估其有效性。公正、公平、多样性和包容性(JEDI)考虑因素应成为这些努力的组成部分,以解决气候变化影响方面的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Immune-mediated disease caused by climate change-associated environmental hazards: mitigation and adaptation
Global warming and climate change have increased the pollen burden and the frequency and intensity of wildfires, sand and dust storms, thunderstorms, and heatwaves—with concomitant increases in air pollution, heat stress, and flooding. These environmental stressors alter the human exposome and trigger complex immune responses. In parallel, pollutants, allergens, and other environmental factors increase the risks of skin and mucosal barrier disruption and microbial dysbiosis, while a loss of biodiversity and reduced exposure to microbial diversity impairs tolerogenic immune development. The resulting immune dysregulation is contributing to an increase in immune-mediated diseases such as asthma and other allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. It is now abundantly clear that multisectoral, multidisciplinary, and transborder efforts based on Planetary Health and One Health approaches (which consider the dependence of human health on the environment and natural ecosystems) are urgently needed to adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change. Key actions include reducing emissions and improving air quality (through reduced fossil fuel use), providing safe housing (e.g., improving weatherization), improving diets (i.e., quality and diversity) and agricultural practices, and increasing environmental biodiversity and green spaces. There is also a pressing need for collaborative, multidisciplinary research to better understand the pathophysiology of immune diseases in the context of climate change. New data science techniques, biomarkers, and economic models should be used to measure the impact of climate change on immune health and disease, to inform mitigation and adaptation efforts, and to evaluate their effectiveness. Justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) considerations should be integral to these efforts to address disparities in the impact of climate change.
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