Synthesis of Novel Nanocomposite CaO/AC/ZnO from Biogenic Wastes of Date Palm Seeds from The Najran Region (Saudi Arabia) and Eggshells for Degradation of Methylene Blue

Metal nanoparticles and activated carbon-based nanocomposite materials are gaining popularity due to their numerous potential applications in a wide range of materials science areas. The current study aims to create novel photocatalyst frameworks for nanocomposites that were synthesized from biogenic waste and used to photodegrade methylene blue (MB) in wastewater under visible light. The activated carbon from date seeds was calcinated at a temperature of 700°C for two hours, and its surface was improved using zinc oxide nanoparticles and calcium oxide nanoparticles manufactured from eggshells at 900oC. XRD, FT-IR, SEM, BET, and TEM analyses were used to characterize the produced nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposite photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading MB dyes, its model of water pollution. The results showed that the nanocomposite CaO/AC/ZnO has a mesoporous structure with great sorption capability. Also, the photodegradation efficiency of MB using AC, CaO, AC/ZnO, and CaO/AC/ZnO nanocomposite was 33.23, 37.58, 54.61, and 88.92%, respectively, after100 min of sunlight irradiation indicating that photodegradation efficiency increases by improving the surface properties of AC. The CaO/AC/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited a 96.7% removal efficiency of MB following 120 min of visible light radiation exposure. Therefore, the CaO/AC/ZnO nanocomposite has a promising opportunity to function as a versatile and effective photocatalyst for photodegradation of organic dyes in wastewater.