Oral health of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a literature review

Relevance. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic metabolic autoimmune condition among children and adolescents. The compromised metabolic control associated with this endocrinopathy elevates the risk of various complications, including oral diseases. Establishing an interdisciplinary approach to enhance oral care for young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is crucial in contemporary dentistry.Objective. To synthesize information regarding the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and oral health in children and adolescents.Materials and methods. The search strategy involved both electronic and manual searches, querying key databases like PubMed, eLibrary, MEDLINE, and Embase using specific keywords related to the subject. Additionally, a manual search was conducted in the references of relevant articles.Results. The literature review identified the most frequently occurring oral diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It highlighted key biomarkers for monitoring oral health in these patients. The review uncovered major gaps in understanding the oral manifestations of type 1 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion. Exploring the links between pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in young populations and their oral health is pivotal for pediatric dentistry and endocrinology. Addressing this issue could lead to more effective treatment strategies, enhance preventive measures, and improve the diagnostic accuracy of oral diseases. Discrepancies among study findings underscores the imperative for ongoing research and substantiates the value of an interdisciplinary approach in investigating the dental manifestations associated with this endocrine disorder.