Emerging application of 2D materials for dendrite-free metal batteries

Metal batteries using lithium, sodium, potassium, zinc, etc., as anodes have garnered tremendous attention in rechargeable batteries because of their highly desirable theoretical energy densities. However, large-scale application of these metal batteries is impeded by dendrite growth on the anode surface, which may penetrate the separator, leading to battery failure. Two dimensional (2D) materials featured by excellent mechanical strength and flexibility, tunable electronic properties and controllable assembly are promising materials for the construction of dendrite-free metal batteries. In this review, we summarize recent advancements of 2D materials for their potential use in critical components of dendrite-free batteries used as: (1) a host or artificial solid-electrolyte for metal anodes; (2) a solid electrolyte or modifier for electrolyte; and (3) an enhancement component for separators design. We conclude that 2D materials hold great promise for tackling the problems associated with dendrite formation by functioning as mechanical reinforcement and metal deposition regulators, along with improved safety, performance, and durability of batteries. Finally, this review discusses new perspectives and future directions in the field of 2D materials towards safe, high-energy metal batteries.