小型模块化反应堆(SMR)开发的社区治理:北方和土著能源项目的经验教训

Mariia Iakovleva
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摘要

:加拿大北部偏远的土著社区经常遭受能源不安全和能源贫困之苦。在发展当地清洁能源生产的过程中,政府和企业与这些社区的合作显然是有益的。然而,这些合作关系的记录并不理想,有些未能产生预期的效益,有些则根本无法启动。本文基于对萨斯喀彻温省北部和艾伯塔省土著社区可再生能源项目的四个案例研究,其中我采访了社区项目负责人,以了解这些社区为何对能源项目感兴趣、他们希望实现什么目标以及他们与合作伙伴的合作经验。我还采访了政府和行业合作伙伴。结果凸显了土著中间人的重要性,他们可以在社区和更大的能源生产环境之间游刃有余,同时也揭示了土著社区与其合作伙伴之间的期望根本不一致。最近关于偏远社区小型模块化核反应堆(SMR)潜力的讨论通常集中在技术特点上,而不是土著社区的社会环境方面。我认为,为了让社区充分了解这项技术的利弊,需要更加重视构建一个安全的空间,让社区能够在土著世界观和生活经验的框架内进行讨论。我就如何构建和保护这一空间提出了一些政策建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Community Governance for Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Development: Lessons from Northern and Indigenous Energy Projects
: Remote Indigenous communities in northern Canada often suffer from energy insecurity and energy poverty. In developing local clean energy production, there is an obvious bene fi t for government and industry partnering with these communities. However, the record of these partnerships is poor, with some failing to produce the expected bene fi ts and others failing to get off the ground at all. This article is based on a study of four case studies of renewable energy projects in Indigenous communities in northern Saskatchewan and Alberta, in which I interviewed community project leaders to understand why these communities were interested in energy projects, what they hoped to achieve, and their experience with their partners. I also interviewed government and industry partners. While the results underline the importance of Indigenous intermediaries who can move easily between the communities and the larger energy production context, they also reveal a fundamental misalignment of expectations between Indigenous communities and their partners. Recent discussions about the potential for small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) in remote communities have generally focused on features of the technology rather than on aspects of the social context of Indigenous communities. I argue that, for communities to fully understand the advantages and drawbacks of this technology, much more attention needs to be paid to the construction of a safe space where communities can frame the discussion within Indigenous world views and lived experience. I offer some policy suggestions for how this space can be constructed and protected.
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