Flow across a circular cylinder in an inclined channel stabilized by buoyancy

In this study, flow across a circular cylinder confined in an inclined channel is considered, with account taken of mixed convection. Cases with opposing or aiding buoyancy that is not in alignment with the incoming flow are considered, and it is found that the flow around and in the wake of the cylinder is affected. The effects of inclination and buoyancy on the flow and heat transfer patterns are investigated, with a focus on the stabilization and destabilization of flow by these two factors. Simulation results are analyzed with regard to the flow field, lift and drag forces, heat transfer, the deviation of separation and through-flow in the channel, and the temperatures on the channel walls. The flow is more strongly destabilized by an opposing buoyancy, but can be fully stabilized by an aiding buoyancy in an inclined channel. The drag on the cylinder is minimized around a critical Richardson number Ricr. The inclination of the channel has significant effects on the local heat transfer on the cylinder and on the characteristics of the through-flow. The pattern of the wake flow, i.e., whether it is steady or unsteady, affects the heating of the channel walls.