负电晕放电的电离过程,第 1 部分。回顾与实验

A. I. Zhakin, A. E. Kuzko
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摘要

研究目的是对负电性气体(空气)中负点电极近电极区在高压场条件下的物理过程进行实验研究。方法:采用视频图像分析、电流电压特性测量和光谱分析。测量了环境中电晕放电点火电压的电流-电压特性,研究了表面电荷的实验鉴定问题、负电晕放电点火机理、流线的离子结构、负电晕放电过程中电极的退化、电晕放电产生的光谱和电磁声。结果表明,在小曲率半径的针状电极上,负电晕放电的产生是由于电子的冷发射,而在平坦和略微弯曲的负电极上,负电晕放电的产生是由于表面电子被电子吸收分子捕获。研究了负针负电性气体中电晕放电的点燃机制、负针流线的结构、发射光谱和电极的乙烯退化。在尖针顶端半径较小(ro 小于数十微米)的情况下,负电晕放电的点燃是由于电子的冷发射,然后是中性分子的撞击电离。在电极略微弯曲的情况下,负电晕放电的出现是由于负电气体分子捕获表面电子,随后发生等离子体化学反应。表面电子的形成取决于许多因素:氧化膜的存在和结构(粗糙度、缺陷等),这些因素决定了电子功函数,并在微尖端形成局部场。电晕放电的出现会导致电晕电极退化,表现为针尖喷射和针头熔化。在负电晕放电的暗区(U < U*),会发出紫外光谱(UV 光谱)中的光子;当 U > U* 时,除了 UV 光子外,还会发出可见光谱中的光子。辉光波动是由电晕电极表面形成的注入中心(熔化小瘤--ectons)的混乱动力学引起的。电晕放电点火时会发出频率约为 300 赫兹的声音。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ionization Processes of Negative Corona Discharge Part 1. Review and Experiment
The purpose of the research is an experimental study of physical processes in the near-electrode zones of negative point electrodes in an electronegative gas (air) under the condition of a high-voltage field.Methods. Video image analysis, current-voltage characteristics measurements, and spectroscopy are used. The current-voltage characteristics of the corona discharge ignition voltage in the environment are measured, the problem of experimental identification of surface charges, the mechanism of negative corona discharge ignition, and the ionic structure of streamers is studied, degradation of electrodes during negative corona discharge, spectrum of corona discharge creation and electromagnetic sound.Results. It is shown that at small radii of curvature of needle electrodes, the development of a negative corona discharge is due to the cold emission of electrons, and on flat and slightly curved negative electrodes, due to the capture of surface electrons by electron-withdrawing molecules. The mechanism of ignition of a corona discharge in an electronegative gas with a negative needle, the structure of streamers from negative needles, the emission spectrum and ethonic degradation of electrodes have been studied.Conclusions. The ignition of a negative corona discharge at small radii of the tips of the pointed needles (ro less than tens of microns) is due to the cold emission of electrons followed by impact ionization of neutral molecules. With slightly curved electrodes, the appearance of a negative corona discharge is due to the capture of surface electrons by electronegative gas molecules with subsequent plasma-chemical reactions. The formation of surface electrons depends on many factors: the presence and structure of oxide films (roughness, defects, etc.), which determine the electron work function and form local fields at the tips of microtips. The appearance of a corona discharge leads to degradation of the corona electrodes, expressed in the spraying of the tips of the points and the melting of the needles. In the dark region of the negative corona discharge (U < U*), photons in the in the ultraviolet spectrum (UV spectrum) are emitted, and when U > U*, in addition to UV photons, photons in the visible region of the spectrum are emitted. Glow fluctuations are caused by the chaotic dynamics of the formation of injection centers (melted tubercles - ectons) on the surface of the corona electrode. The ignition of a corona discharge is accompanied by sound emission with a frequency of about 300 Hz.
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