Intra-Abdominal Cysts Not Originating from Liver, Spleen, or Kidney in Children: Assessment of the Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound Features

Background: Cystic abdominal masses are relatively prevalent in the pediatric population. Ultrasound (US) often serves as the initial imaging modality for evaluating these lesions, assisting in diagnosis, and guiding clinical decisions. Objectives: This study aimed to delineate the characteristic US features of intra-abdominal cystic lesions not arising from the liver, spleen, or kidney in children and to assess their diagnostic value for providing definitive diagnoses. Methods: Conducted in the radiology department of pediatric hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from 2019 to 2022, this cross-sectional study examined 104 children with cystic abdominal lesions. Patient demographic data and US characteristics were documented. Definitive diagnoses were established through histopathological reports, surgical outcomes, or clinical follow-up. The accuracy of US findings was evaluated against these definitive diagnoses, with the sensitivity and specificity of US features for various intra-abdominal cystic lesions being calculated. Results: The most frequent cystic lesions identified were perinatal ovarian torsion (22.1%) and duplication cysts (18.2%). Ultrasound achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 82.61% (95% CI = 0.6 - 0.94) and 100% (95% CI = 0.94 - 1), respectively, in diagnosing perinatal ovarian torsion and 89.47% (95% CI = 0.65 - 0.98) and 94.11% (95% CI = 0.86 - 0.97) in diagnosing duplication cysts. In 80.8% of the cases, the initial US diagnosis corresponded with the final diagnosis. Conclusions: Ultrasound exhibits commendable sensitivity and specificity in identifying intra-abdominal cysts not originating from the liver, spleen, or kidneys in children, demonstrating its effectiveness in the diagnostic evaluation of these lesions.