Modern Technologies for Bone Defect Replacement (Literature Review)

Information is provided regarding the materials used to replace bone defects caused by gunshot wounds. Materials and various techniques for replacing bone defects of the limbs are described. Goal. Conduct an analysis of surgical technologies and materials for the replacement of bone defects, by analyzing literary sources. Methods. In three reputable databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science), an analysis of the latest scientific studies devoted to the treatment of defects of long tubular bones in the period from 2015 to 2022 was carried out. The search was carried out using the keywords "bone defects", "autograft", "allograft", "Ilizarov method", "Masquelet method", "biocomposite materials". The results. Analysis of osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of auto- and allografts, modern biocomposite materials. Established advantages and disadvantages. The contemporary analysis of literary sources does not provide an objective comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the treatment of bone defects according to the Masquelet and Ilizarov method due to the lack of a sufficient number of randomized studies, which is the basis for further targeted research. Conclusions. Treatment of bone tissue defects of various genesis is an urgent problem of modern orthopedics and traumatology. The wide range of treatment options is proof that no single strategy works for every patient, just as there is no perfect universal material to fill and ensure bone regeneration in the defect site. A promising direction is the search for new or a combination of known materials and methods, which are able to maximally provide compensation for these pathological conditions.