创伤的法律解释:美国巡回上诉法院与基于性别的庇护申请

Connie Oxford
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摘要

本文基于对美国巡回上诉法院如何在基于性别的庇护申请中使用创伤语言的探索性研究。基于性别的庇护申请包括切割女性生殖器官(FGM)、以强迫堕胎和强迫绝育为形式的强制人口控制(CPC)、强奸、强迫婚姻和家庭暴力。自 1946 年以来,巡回法院一直在审查提出庇护申请者的上诉,但直到 1983 年,法院的裁决中才出现 "创伤 "一词。从 1983 年到 2023 年,在巡回法院审理的 10,000 多件庇护案件中,只有 385 件(3.85% 或更少)在对迫害的法律解释中使用了 "创伤 "一词。我已经确定了 101 个基于性别的庇护案件,这些案件由美国 11 个巡回上诉法院中的一个进行审查,并在对迫害的法律解释中使用了创伤语言。指导本研究的研究问题是:美国巡回上诉法院在审查基于性别的庇护案件时如何使用创伤语言?本研究发现,美国巡回上诉法院在审查基于性别的庇护申请时,从四个方面使用了创伤语言:先例案例、政策和报告、身体创伤和心理创伤。本研究首次提供了美国巡回上诉法院在审查基于性别的庇护申请时使用创伤语言的数据集。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Legal Interpretations of Trauma: The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and Gender-Based Asylum Claims
This article is based on exploratory research on how the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals uses the language of trauma in gender-based asylum claims. Gender-based asylum claims include female genital mutilation (FGM), coercive population control (CPC) in the form of forced abortions and forced sterilizations, rape, forced marriage, and domestic violence. The Circuit Courts have reviewed appeals from petitioners with asylum claims since 1946, yet the language of trauma did not appear in the Court’s decisions until 1983. From 1983 to 2023, only 385, 3.85% or less, of the over 10,000 asylum cases before the Circuit Courts used the language of trauma in its legal interpretation of persecution. I have identified 101 gender-based asylum cases that were reviewed by one of the eleven U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that apply the language of trauma in its legal interpretation of persecution for this analysis. The research question guiding this study is: how does the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals use the language of trauma when reviewing gender-based asylum cases? This study found that U.S. Circuit Courts use the language of trauma in four ways: precedent cases, policies and reports, physical trauma, and psychological trauma when reviewing gender-based asylum claims. This study provides the first data set of gender-based asylum claims under review at the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that use the language of trauma.
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