Quantum International Law Theories: Towards an Inclusive International Investment-Security Construct

In recent years, there have been significant changes in the foreign investment landscape that have affected investors and States around the world. These transitions can be broadly categorised into two hypotheses: international to domestic in the liberalisation continuum and legalisation to politicisation in the geoeconomic order. While these hypotheses seek to capture the changing investment-security dynamics, none satisfactorily comprehend classical irreconciliation. In response, this study proposes a novel trinity of quantum international law theories that extrapolates quantum entanglement, measurement, and holism theories through analogy, ontology, and post-critique approaches to inspire multidisciplinary insights. It outlines the justifications for using quantum theories in international law-making and policymaking, the extrapolated fundamentals, and the trinity application approaches by testing two variations of the trinity. The study results help move beyond unproductive debates on ‘economics versus security’ and offer international lawmakers and policymakers a new thinking model that can be applied to ‘everything’ multidisciplinary.